Elaborations

• explaining the attacks on monasteries, for example Lindisfarne (793 CE) and Iona (795 CE) and reviewing the written accounts by monks that contributed to the Vikings' reputation for pillage and violence
• the survival of a heroic Iron Age society in Early Medieval Ireland, as described in the vernacular epics, and its transformation by the spread of Christianity; the influence of the Vikings; the Anglo-Norman conquest
• investigating the remains of Viking settlements (for example Dublin (Ireland) and Jorvik (York)