Elaborations

• referring to self and things using first person pronouns (저, 제, 나, 내, 우리) or demonstrative pronouns (이것, 저것, 그것)
• using basic particles to mark case and other basic functions of nouns in a sentence, for example, –이/가, –을/를, –은/는, –에, –에서, –하고
• using basic verbs including copula (–이에요/예요) to describe state/quality or action in present or past tenses with the informal polite-style ending –어/아요 (for example, 좋아요, 예뻐요, 재미있어요/재미있었어요, 먹어요/먹었어요, 가요/갔어요), including some set phrases with auxiliary verbs such as –고 싶어요, –(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 and –고 있어요, for example, 수영할 수 있어요
• understanding that descriptive verbs in Korean grammar have functions similar to adjectives in English (describing qualities or states and modifying nouns) but that they also behave like verbs in a sentence (conjugating and being used as the main verb)
• using question words to make questions, for example, 누구, 무엇, 언제, 어디, 어떻게, 왜, 몇, 무슨, 어느
• using some honorific words and suffixes (for example, 드세요, 선생님, 일어나세요) and humble words (저/제) as part of formulaic expressions
• using simple sentence structures in the subject–object–verb order to make statements or ask questions
• producing a sentence without a subject/object, which can be retrieved or inferred from context, for example, 지금 뭐 해요? 공부해요
• using simple negation, placing 안 or 못 before a verb (for example, 안 가요, 못 해요) and replacing copula (–예요/이에요) with its negative form (–이/가 아니에요)
• comparing word order in Korean and English, such as the verb-final rule and how to count objects, for example, 사과 한 개 versus ‘one apple’