Elaborations

• identifying parts of speech and their functions in texts, such as in statements, direct speech, commands and questions
• exploring the concepts of number, gender, case and the metalanguage used to describe nouns
• understanding noun inflections and their usage in first, second and third declensions:
  • case: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, for example, amicus, amice, amicum, amici, amico, amico
  • number: villa, villae
  • gender: masculine dominus, feminine domina, neuter atrium, common canis, parens
• recognising personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives, and identifying number, gender and case, for example, ego, tu, nos, vos; meus, tuus
• recognising interrogative pronouns, for example, quis, quis, quid
• recognising demonstrative pronouns, for example, hic, haec, hoc; ille, iste
• identifying cardinal numbers unus to viginti and ordinal numbers primus to decimus
• recognising prepositional phrases and the different forms of prepositions, for example, e villa, ex urbe
• distinguishing between the meanings of prepositions when governing different cases, for example, in villam, in villa
• exploring the concepts of verb number, person and tense, the metalanguage used to describe verbs
• identifying endings of verbs in the four conjugations, and regular and irregular verbs in the present tense, active voice
• identifying the use of the imperative, for example, tacete vos omnes
• identifying first/second and third declension adjectives, for example, laeta/laetus; tristis
• recognising agreement of adjectives and nouns in number, gender and case, for example, puella tristis, frater magnus, and how word order may differ from English
• interpreting compound sentences using conjunctions, for example, canis intrat sed non latrat
• recognising adverbs, for example, servus diligenter laborat
• understanding conventions of word order in Latin sentences, such as subject + direct object + indirect object + verb, for example, puella librum fratri legit, and how those conventions can be used to anticipate the development of a sentence
• developing strategies for building on prior knowledge and learning new grammar, for example, mnemonic devices, paradigms, drill exercises, online learning tools