Elaborations

• exploring how cultural concepts such as respect for the elderly and for authority influence Vietnamese language use, for example, not directly expressing disagreement when interacting with elderly people (Bạn nói không sai nhưng mà …, Con cũng thích cái áo này nhưng mà …), and addressing important people by their positions rather than their first names (thưa hiệu trưởng/giám đốc)
• examining Vietnamese idioms (thành ngữ) and proverbs (tục ngữ) and recognising words that reflect both literal and figurative cultural understandings, for example, Lá lành đùm lá rách<; Gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì rạng/sáng
• explaining cultural references in Vietnamese texts, including multimodal and digital texts, for example, mừng tuổi, xông đất, trầu cau
• exploring how learning and using Vietnamese has impacted on own view of Vietnamese culture and other cultures, including the role of culture in respecting and sustaining environments