Understand that languages have different written and visual communication systems, different oral traditions and different ways of constructing meaning (ACELA1475)

Examine how evaluative language can be varied to be more or less forceful (ACELA1477)

Understand how different types of texts vary in use of language choices, depending on their purpose and context (for example, tense and types of sentences) (ACELA1478)

Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts (ACELA1479)

Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters (ACELA1480)

Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb and that these need to be in agreement (ACELA1481)

Understand that verbs represent different processes, for example doing, thinking, saying, and relating and that these processes are anchored in time through tense (ACELA1482)

Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbs (ACELA1484)

Use phoneme–grapheme (sound–letter) relationships and less common letter patterns to spell words (AC9E3LY11)

Recognise and know how to write most high-frequency words including some homophones (AC9E3LY12)

Understand how to apply knowledge of phoneme–grapheme (sound–letter) relationships, syllables, and blending and segmenting to fluently read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter patterns (AC9E3LY09)

Understand how to apply knowledge of common base words, prefixes, suffixes and generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word to read and comprehend new multimorphemic words (AC9E3LY10)

Draw connections between personal experiences and the worlds of texts, and share responses with others (ACELT1596)

Develop criteria for establishing personal preferences for literature (ACELT1598)

Discuss how language is used to describe the settings in texts, and explore how the settings shape the events and influence the mood of the narrative (ACELT1599)

Discuss the nature and effects of some language devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader’s reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose (ACELT1600)

Create imaginative texts based on characters, settings and events from students’ own and other cultures using visual features, for example perspective, distance and angle (ACELT1601)

Create texts that adapt language features and patterns encountered in literary texts, for example characterisation, rhyme, rhythm, mood, music, sound effects and dialogue (ACELT1791)

Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features and selecting print,and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose (ACELY1682)

Re-read and edit texts for meaning, appropriate structure, grammatical choices and punctuation (ACELY1683)

Write using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size (ACELY1684)

Use software including word processing programs with growing speed and efficiency to construct and edit texts featuring visual, print and audio elements (ACELY1685)

Identify the point of view in a text and suggest alternative points of view (ACELY1675)

Plan and deliver short presentations, providing some key details in logical sequence (ACELY1677)

Identify the audience and purpose of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts (ACELY1678)