Landforms and landscapes

The different types of landscapes in Australia and their distinctive landform features (e.g. coastal, riverine, arid, mountain, karst) (ACHGK048)

The spiritual, cultural and aesthetic value of landscapes and landforms for people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (ACHGK049)

The geographical processes that produce landforms, including a case study of one type of landform, such as mountains, volcanoes, riverine or coastal landforms (ACHGK050)

The causes, spatial distribution, impacts and responses to a geomorphic hazard (e.g. volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, avalanche) (ACHGK053)

How the effects caused by geomorphic hazards are influenced by social, cultural and economic factors (e.g. where people choose to live, poverty, the available infrastructure and resources to prepare and respond to a hazard) (ACHGK053)

How the application of principles of prevention, mitigation and preparedness minimises the harmful effects of geomorphic hazards (ACHGK053)

Changing nations

The causes and consequences of urbanisation in Australia and one other country from the Asia region (ACHGK054)

The reasons for, and effects of, internal migration in Australia (ACHGK056)

The reasons for, and effects of, international migration in Australia (ACHGK058)