Understand the basic intonation and phrasing patterns of spoken Japanese, taking the form of a down turning curve, and applying it when speaking

Identify the use of rising intonation when asking questions in casual speech or ましょう form, for example, 食べる？ /食べましょうか
(ACLJAU192)

Convey meaning by appropriately selecting and combining hiragana, katakana and kanji characters

Use understanding of hiragana to predict meaning of unknown words
(ACLJAU193)

Increase control of context-related vocabulary and understand how sophistication in expression can be achieved by:

• understanding and applying the rules of the plain form and knowing that the basic form of all Japanese verbs ends in -u, -eru or -iru, the forms they are listed under in dictionaries
• understanding that verbs can be divided into three groups according to the way they are conjugated, 五だん verb (five-step verbs), 一だん verb (one-step verbs) and irregular verbs
• using character charts as a systematic framework for recognising patterns for verb conjugation and applying the formation rules of each verb group
• using verb て form to connect events, for example, 朝おきてジョギングをします
• understanding and using the different functions of verb て form
• using present continuous tense using verb
  ています, for example, ラジオを聞いています
• using verb stems with grammatical features such as ～に行きます。
• expressing number of actions, for example,
  たり～たりします
• using adverbs as formulaic expressions, for example, 早く、おそく
• increasing cohesion within paragraphs by using conjunctions, for example, ですから

Further develop a metalanguage to describe and increase control of grammatical concepts and language elements and to organise learning resources such as verb charts and lists of vocabulary and sentence structures
(ACLJAU194)

Compare textual features and conventions used in Japanese and English media texts such as slogans, public signs, emails, songs and conversations and notice how the choice of language and structure work to achieve each text’s purpose
(ACLJAU195)

Analyse variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships
(ACLJAU196)

Explore changes to both Japanese and Australian English and identify reasons for these changes such as education, media and new technologies, popular culture and intercultural exchange
(ACLJAU197)

Understand that the Japanese language carries embedded cultural information and assumptions that can be difficult for speakers of other languages to interpret
(ACLJAU198)