Recognise consonant sounds and vowel sounds by listening, singing, reciting and practising words and phrases in context

Recognise frequently occurring consonants ਸ, ਹ, ਕ, ਤ, ਨ, ਮ, ਰ, ਲ and basic vowels, and that ਓ, ਅ, ੲ are vowel carriers

Experiment with the formation of letters and numbers; for example, trace the letters of their own name or draw pictures of frequently occurring consonants

Begin to practise writing Punjabi letters on different media, focusing on directionality; for example, tracing letters on laminated sheets

Develop an understanding that letters are grouped together to make words and begin to form two‑letter words with support; for example, ਮਨ,ਕਰ

Generate language for a range of purposes in simple spoken and written texts by noticing and using context‑related vocabulary and recognising some first elements of the Punjabi grammatical system, including:

• using a range of common nouns; for example, ਖਿਡੌਣੇ, ਪੱਖਾ, ਕਿਤਾਬ, ਬਸਤਾ
• becoming aware of gender usage in nouns; for example, ਕਬੂਤਰ, ਕਬੂਤਰੀ; ਬੱਚਾ, ਬੱਚੀ
• understanding the use of singular first person pronouns for example, ਮੈਂ, ਤੂੰ, ਤੇਰਾ, ਮੇਰਾ
• becoming aware that some words describe the quality and quantity of objects; for example, ਚੰਗਾ, ਵਧੀਆ, ਥੋੜ੍ਹਾ, ਬਹੁਤ
• showing an understanding by responding to directions using actions; for example, ਬੈਠੋ, ਜਾਓ, ਖਾਓ, ਆਓ
• using nouns to indicate place of action; for example, ਘਰ, ਸਕੂਲ/ਵਿਦਿਆਲਾ, ਇੱਧਰ
• using numbers while referring to object/s and responding to simple vocabulary to describe one and many objects; for example, ਇੱਕ ਘੋੜਾ-ਦੋ ਘੋੜੇ; ਇੱਕ ਪੱਤਾ-ਦਸ ਪੱਤੇ
• becoming aware of opposite words in the immediate environment; for example, ਅੰਦਰ, ਬਾਹਰ; ਉੱਠਣਾ, ਬੈਠਣਾ; ਅੱਗੇ, ਪਿੱਛੇ
• using familiar vocabulary to express affirmation and negation; for example, ਹਾਂਜੀ, ਨਹੀਂ ਜੀ, ਅੱਛਾ, ਨਹੀਂ।
• developing cardinal number knowledge for zero to ten

Recognise that language is organised as ‘text’ that can be spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal