Recognise different intonation for questions, statements and commands

Understand the vowel symbols lagaan and lagakhar

Recognise that some Punjabi sounds do not exist in English; for example, ਖ, ਝ ਆਦਿ

Recognise how some Punjabi words are borrowed from other languages, including Portuguese, Arabic and Persian, and could be pronounced and written with a dot below the letters; for example, ਸ਼, ਖ਼, ਗ਼, ਜ਼, ਫ਼, ਲ਼ – ਖ਼ਰਬੂਜਾ, ਸ਼ੁਰੂ

Become aware that ਓ and ੲ cannot be used in mukta form

Use the Punjabi sound system, Punjabi print conventions and basic punctuation to write simple sentences and compound sentences; for example, ਸਾਹਿਬਾ ਨੇ ਦੁੱਧ ਪੀਤਾ ਤੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਨ ਲੱਗੀ।

Write correctly-formed letters with uniformity in size and alignment

Experiment with simple punctuation to end a sentence (I), signal a question (?) or show emphasis (!), or to connect two independent clauses (,)

Generate language for a range of purposes in simple spoken and written texts by recognising and using context‑related vocabulary and elements of the Punjabi grammatical system, including:

• understanding that a word can represent a group of people, animals or things; for example, ਝੁੰਡ, ਫ਼ੌਜ, ਬੇੜਾ
• understanding pronouns that do/do not refer to any person, amount or objects in particular; examples of definite pronouns include ਇਹ, ਉਸ, ਇੰਨਾਂ and indefinite pronouns include ਕੁਝ, ਬਹੁਤ, ਕੋਈ
• stating order or multiplicity of things; for example, ਪਹਿਲਾ, ਸੌਵਾਂ, ਦੁਗਣਾ, ਤਿਗਣਾ/ਤਿੰਨ ਗੁਣਾ
• recognising the shift in verbs in relation to the gender and number of the noun to which they refer to; for example, ਹੈਨਰੀ ਸਕੂਲ/ਵਿਦਿਆਲੇ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ।; ਹਾਤੀਮਾ ਸਕੂਲ/ਵਿਦਿਆਲੇ ਗਈ ਸੀ।; ਅਸੀਂ ਸਕੂਲ/ਵਿਦਿਆਲੇ ਗਏ ਸੀ।
• understanding that sentences with a transitive verb have both a subject and an object; for example, ਸਿਮਰਨ ਗਾਣਾ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।
• using adverbs to show the way action has happened; for example, ਹੌਲ਼ੀ, ਇਉਂ
• recognising and using postpositions that do not change form in a sentence at all, such as ਦੁਆਰਾ, ਲਈ, ਵਾਸਤੇ; for example, ਮਾਂ ਮੇਰੇ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲਿਆਈ। ਮਾਂ ਸਾਡੇ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਲਿਆਈ।
• using simple conjunctions such as ਪਰ, ਫਿਰ ਵੀ to write compound sentences; for example, ਪਵਨ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਰਮਨ ਖੇਡ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।
• becoming aware that words or phrases can be used to express a spontaneous feeling or reaction; for example, ਬੱਲੇ!; ਖ਼ਬਰਦਾਰ!
• understanding the use of past, present and future continuous tenses to write sentences; for example, ਮੀਤਾ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।; ਸਲੀਮ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ।; ਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।
• developing an understanding of changing the gender of masculine words ending with mukta by adding ਨੀ, ਣੀ or ੜੀ; for example, ਸ਼ੇਰ, ਸ਼ੇਰਨੀ; ਭਗਤ, ਭਗਤਣੀ; ਬਾਲ, ਬਾਲੜੀ
• experimenting with changing the root word when making plurals of words ending with bihari (ੀ), by adding ਆ and a bindi on top (ਆਂ); for example, ਕੁੜੀ, ਕੁੜੀਆਂ
• recognising that one word can have multiple meanings; for example, ਉੱਤਰ can mean direction, answer, going down or getting down
• understanding that different words can have the same meaning; for example, ਉਜਾਲਾ – ਚਾਨਣ, ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼, ਰੋਸ਼ਨੀ, ਲੋਅ
• using the prefixes ਅਣ, ਅਪ, ਅਨ, ਕੁ, ਨਾ, ਨਿ, ਨਿਹ, ਨਿਸ਼, ਨਿਰ ਆਦਿ to create antonyms; for example, ਮਾਨ, ਅਪਮਾਨ; ਫਲ, ਨਿਸ਼ਫਲ
• comparing the duration of seasons in the Punjab region and Australian seasons
• using suitable language while telling the time; for example, ਸਾਢੇ ਅੱਠ, ਤਿੰਨ ਵੱਜ ਕੇ ਵੀਹ ਮਿੰਟ
• developing number knowledge for 41 to 60

Develop a metalanguage in Punjabi for talking about language, using terms similar to those used in English

Notice differences in familiar texts, such as personal, informative and imaginative texts, and explain how particular features of such texts help to achieve their purpose

Understand that different ways of using Punjabi language reflect different regions and countries, different relationships and different ways of making meaning

Understand that Punjabi is an important global language used by communities in many countries around the world and that it has connections with several other languages

Make connections between language and culture use by identifying vocabulary and expressions that reflect different cultural values, traditions or practices