Use stress, intonation and volume accurately to speak in most social and some formal contexts

Recognise the placement of tongue and airflow when pronouncing words with ਸ਼ and ਛ; for example, ਸ਼ੱਕ, ਛੱਕ

Listen to the tonal letters ਘ, ਝ, ਢ, ਧ, ਭ and differentiate the high and low tone production depending upon their place in a word; for example, ਝਗੜਾ, ਕੁਝ; ਧੰਨ, ਕੰਧ

Understand the slight differences in the formation of letters; for example, ਡ ਤ, ਭ; ੜ, ਝ; ਰ, ਹ

Become aware that Gurmukhi script is an abugida writing system that has sequences of consonants and vowels written as a unit; for example, ਮਾਸੀ, ਗੁਲਾਬ, ਚੌਵੀ

Apply the knowledge of the features of the Punjabi sound system (consonants, lagaan, lagakhar and dutt) along with relevant grammar to write Punjabi texts

Consolidate the use of punctuation in understanding and creating Punjabi texts

Generate language for a range of purposes in spoken and written texts by extending understanding and use of context-related vocabulary and elements of the Punjabi grammatical system, including:

• becoming aware of compound nouns; for example, ਟਿੱਡੀ+ਦਲ-ਟਿੱਡੀਦਲ, ਸਾਫ਼+ਦਿਲ-ਸਾਫ਼ਦਿਲ, ਚਿੜੀ+ਮਾਰ-ਚਿੜੀਮਾਰ
• building an understanding of the fact that adjectives can only modify nouns and pronouns; for example, ਮੀਂਹ-ਹਨ੍ਹੇਰੀ ਨੇ ਫ਼ਸਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ।; ਉਹ ਕਾਰ ਬਹੁਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਹੈ।
• understanding that adjectives can be used objectively (ਪੁਰਾਣਾ, ਲਾਲ, ਸਾਫ਼) and subjectively (ਖੁਸ਼, ਭੁੱਖਾ, ਠੰਢਾ)
• extending understanding of the four ways the verbs are differentiated
• identifying and understanding the shift in the sentence structure from active voice to passive voice; for example, ਗਿਆਨ ਨੇ ਸਫ਼ਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ। ਸਫ਼ਾਈ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ।
• building an understanding that adverbs modify verbs and adjectives as well as other adverbs; for example, ਅਸਲਮ ਬਾਰ-ਬਾਰ ਉੱਚੀ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੋਲ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ।; ਮਾਤਾ ਕਦੀ-ਕਦਾਈਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਰੋਟੀ ਪਕਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।
• understanding the use of inflected and uninflected postpositions as case markers; for example, ਦਾ, ਦੇ, ਨੇ, ਨੂੰ
• experimenting with conjunctions to create cohesive texts
• further understanding that specific interjections are used for encouraging, addressing, expressing disapproval, warning or blessings; for example, ਸ਼ਾਬਾਸ਼!; ਓਏ ਕਾਕਾ!; ਬਚੀਂ!; ਖੁਸ਼ ਰਹੋ!
• continue exploring the different ways of transforming masculine words to feminine words
• demonstrating an understanding of the rules of conversion from singular to plural
• identifying different type of case, the symbols used for each case and the questions asked to find out the type of case; for example, ਕਰਤਾ ਕਾਰਕ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਕੌਣ? ਕਿਸ ਨੇ? ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸਦਾ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ‘ਨੇ’ ਹੈ।
• understanding that different phrases or sentences are used for command/instruction in Punjabi (imperative present tense); for example, ਸਾਰੇ ਜਾਣੇ ਬਾਹਰ ਆਓ।
• becoming aware that adding prefixes and suffixes to a root word can alter the meaning of the word
• demonstrating an understanding of Punjabi sentence structure and using different types of sentences to create texts in Punjabi
• exploring common Punjabi idioms
• recognising that proverbs are created by daily life experiences and that they express a perceived truth; for example, ਆਪ ਭਲਾ ਜੱਗ ਭਲਾ
• understanding that the present participle changes according to the number and gender of the subject; for example, ਮੁੰਡਾ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ।; ਮੁੰਡੇ ਗਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ।; ਕੁੜੀ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।; ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਗਾਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
• observing the transformation of adjectives and verbs in compliance with the gender of a noun; for example, ਕਾਲੀ ਬਿੱਲੀ ਦਰਖ਼ਤ ਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਗਈ।; ਕਾਲਾ ਬਿੱਲਾ ਦਰਖ਼ਤ ਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਗਿਆ।

Further develop a metalanguage to discuss and explain grammatical forms and functions

Examine the interrelationship between different text types, language choices, audiences, contexts and purposes

Analyse how and why language is used differently in different contexts and relationships

Explore changes to both Punjabi and Australian English and identify reasons for these changes; for example, media and new technologies, popular culture and intercultural exchange

Explore how language both reflects and shapes cultural distinctions, with reference to community, social class, gender and generation