Experiment with intonation patterns and notice variations in pronunciation of different speakers; discuss Noongar dialects and historical pronunciations, such as Northern Dialect (includes Wadjak, Yuat, Balardong), South East Dialect (includes Minang, Koreng), South West Dialect (includes Wardandi, Bibelmen)

(ACLFWU163)

Expand vocabulary in Noongar, with some support, through word-formation processes, and recognise and use simple language structures, including:

• noticing and using nouns in contexts such as healthy bodies; mapping and description of local and regional areas; weather of different seasons, using westerlies, northerlies, easterlies, southerlies, sea breeze (for example, doorka, biroona, nandat, wiridi, koolamwin); Dreaming stories for key features of Country; night sky and stars; birds and their nests; life cycles; different types of goannas, lizards and kangaroos; informational text about a tool, such as how it is made, its uses, who makes and/or uses it (for example, sandals, boomerang, digging stick, coolamon)
• recognising plural nouns, such as maar/maara, djen/djena (hand/hands, foot/feet), and possessive nouns, such as miki-mikang, kaal-kaalang (moon/moon’s, fire/fire’s)
• becoming aware of subject pronouns (nominative), such as Ngany nyininy. Ngalak waangkaniny
• developing an understanding of singular possessive pronouns, such as my/his/her/its; for example, nganyang, baalang, ngalang, Nganyang kooda baal djenborl waabiny. Baalang kabarli baal kaditj-kaditj-ak yalakidjiny
• understanding and using common adjectives and quantifiers, including those of quality and state; for example, woorabiny, koorardabiny (longer, shorter), kaalang, nyidiny (hot, cold).
• using adverbs of time and place; for example, yeyi (now), boorda (later)
• understanding and using qualifiers used with a verb; for example, Ngalang kooda-kadak nidja nookert-ngoorndiny.
• understanding and using the dual purpose of the affix/suffix -kadak (with/to have); for example, baalap kalyakoorl koorlaka ngardanginy dwert-kadak yongka-ngat; Yeyi, naatj noonook worala-kadak?
• developing an awareness of the simple conjunction wer (and); for example, wer Maambart wer koolangka baalap boorda djildjit koorliny.
• understanding and using the verb nyininy where it may mean sitting or living
• developing and understanding the use of the suffix/affix -abiny, to show becoming or getting; for example, Yongka baal djirangabiny. (Kangaroos are getting fatter.)
• understanding and using verbs in the present tense, and developing an increasing awareness of the imperative and the future and habitual continuous tense
• developing an understanding of the past tense and noticing its use of the affix -aka and optional word order; for example, Koomool baal djandangaka boorn-ool. Yongka baal marlak-ngat bardangaka, bardangaka.
• noticing and using compound verbs using the affix/suffix -abiny
• extending the use of common suffixes/affixes; for example, direction, such as to and from; purpose, with or use, such as bilya-koorl (towards the river), kitj-al (with a spear), mereny-ak (for food); and building on the use of -koop to indicate habitat.

Recognise that the same rules of punctuation apply as in English; for example, using capital letters and full stops for sentences

Begin to develop a metalanguage in Noongar for talking about language, using terms similar to those used in English, such as noun, pronoun, suffix, tense, adjective

(ACLFWU164)

Recognise and understand that different elements of a text play distinct roles in its meaning or purpose, such as the layout, title, punctuation or use of speech bubbles in a cartoon

(ACLFWU165)

Recognise that certain places have historical and contemporary significance to the Noongar community, representing special bonds between people, Place and story

(ACLFWU166)

Understand that there are variations in Noongar as it is used in different contexts by different people, such as formal or informal usage and dialect differences; for example, Wardandi, Minang, Wadjak

(ACLFWU167)

Recognise that language and culture continually change as a result of contact with other languages and culture

(ACLFWU168)

Investigate ways Noongar is used in the local region and in the wider Australian community; for example:

• Noongar radio
• ABC TV introduces an Elder or community member to discuss a new season with visual support
• the West Australian publishes a Noongar word daily
• Noongar signage at Optus Stadium and Perth Airport

(ACLFWU169)

Recognise protocols of cultural safety when engaging with cultural material/property, such as artefacts, artwork

(ACLFWU170)

Recognise that beliefs and behaviours are expressed through languages, and cannot be separated from them

(ACLFWU171)

Identify and locate available Noongar language resources suitable for language building; for example, living speakers and visual, aural and written material

(ACLFWU172)

Understand the reasons for different spellings of words in Noongar; for example, sounds misheard, meanings misunderstood, or recordings made in different Noongar Country, such as South East, South West, or North

(ACLFWU173)