Systems of language
Investigate and apply the sound patterns in Noongar, including:
- recognising the consonant and vowel sequences applied to syllable patterns, such as cv/cvc (consonant-vowel/consonant-vowel-consonant) as in kwo rdi lyang
- understanding and using final sounds where the spelling changes; for example,
- b- and -p as in boorn, keba, ap
- d-, -rd-, -rt and -t as in darp, maada, kaarda, moort, kaat
- dj- and -tj as in djena; windji; moorditj
- recognising consonant clusters, -ngk as in yongka, koolangka, and -ngw as in malyangwin
- recognising that digraphs, such as kw, ng, oo and ly, are one sound
- noticing that in Noongar, stress is placed on the first syllable
Apply these patterns and rules in writing with correct punctuation, such as capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, commas and quotation marks
Generate language for a range of purposes in simple spoken and written texts, expanding context-related vocabulary and applying elements of the Noongar grammatical system, including:
- noticing and using singular and plural nouns in such contexts as
- healthy lifestyles
- NAIDOC and the local community
- the night sky and stars
- the moon and tidal effects
- mapping local, country and regional areas
- the sea as a source of food and sea food chains
- extending the use of common singular, plural, demonstrative and possessive pronouns
- identifying and using interrogative pronouns naadjil, nginda, ngalan (why, when, how many)
- extending the use of commonly used adjectives of size, shape, colour, quality or state
- using adjectives such as djool and balyan to illustrate opposites
- building on the use of adverbs of direction and time, including yira/ngarda (up/down), bwora/bandak (inside/outside), koorboorli/koodjakat (behind/in front of), kalyakoorl/yoowardjil (always/never), moolyak/yoodok (first/last)
- extending the use and understanding of the imperative and common verb tenses, including the habitual, future, present and past tenses
- building on the use of the modal verb ‘will’, as in Nadjool djakoorl miya-k. Nyoondool waap djenborl?
- extending the use of common suffixes/affixes to identify and understand those for location, place, direction to or from, with and possession, including -kadak
- noticing and understanding the use of the nominal suffix/affix for habitat/environment, such as bilya-koop (river habitat) and maambakoort-koop (sea environment); for example, Kwilena, maamoong baalap maambakoort-koop nyin.
- developing an understanding of the use of the nominal suffix/affix for like/similar to, -mokiny; for example, in biyabeda-mokiny, wiring-mokiny (squid-like, line-like)
- developing an understanding of the use of the suffix/affix for negative, no or without, such as dwangka-boort (deaf), ngaarn-boort (unable to eat) and bwoka-broo (without a coat), and for verbs such as djinang-boort (don’t look)
- building on the use of the conjunctions wer (and), and ka (or)
Continue to build a metalanguage in Noongar to talk about language using terms similar to those used in English, such as noun, pronoun, suffix/affix, verb, tense, adjective
Show understanding of the purpose and roles of various spoken, written and visual texts in Noongar; for example, understanding that Country/Place can be interpreted as text by the Noongar community
Understand and discuss family links to Country and the concept of ownership