Years 9-10 Arabic Syllabus

Years 9-10 Syllabus

Years 9-10 Band Level Description

In Years 9 and 10, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences. Students use Arabic language to initiate and sustain interactions that communicate their own and others’ experiences of the world. They listen, speak, read, view and write to communicate with speakers of Arabic locally and globally through authentic community and online events. Background-language learners and second-language learners may support each other in their literacy development. Background-language learners may raise awareness of, and facilitate class involvement in, local community events. Students access and create spoken, written and multimodal texts, increasingly of their own choosing. They continue to receive guidance, feedback and support from peers and teachers.

Students access an increasing range of authentic and purpose-developed resources which may include traditional and contemporary literature, textbooks, audio and video clips, feature articles, television programs and social media. Background-language learners may source resources from their local and global communities to share with peers. Students expand their knowledge and control of Arabic pronunciation, intonation, structures and features. They acknowledge that language and culture shape identity and that these influences can shape their own behaviours, beliefs and values.

Years 9-10 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 10, students contribute to and extend interactions in Arabic language in increasingly unfamiliar contexts related to a wide range of interests and issues. They interpret texts by evaluating and synthesising information, ideas and perspectives. They show understanding of how features of language can be used to influence audience response. They create texts, selecting and manipulating language for a range of contexts, purposes and audiences. They apply and use complex sentences and structures to create and respond to spoken and written texts. They use a variety of tenses to sequence events and use language features to enhance meaning and cohesion.

Students incorporate the features and conventions of spoken Arabic to extend fluency. They demonstrate understanding of the conventions of spoken and written texts and the connections between them. They apply knowledge of language structures and features to make and predict meaning. They support analysis of Arabic texts, using metalanguage. They reflect on their own cultural perspectives and identity, and draw on their experience of learning Arabic, to evaluate how this learning influences their ideas and ways of communicating.

Years 9-10 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

initiate, sustain and extend exchanges in familiar and unfamiliar contexts related to students’ own and others’ experiences of the world, adjusting their language in response to others

AC9LA10C01

  • using strategies to initiate and sustain interactions in familiar and unfamiliar, real and hypothetical contexts such as asking for and providing specific information, elaborating on ideas and moving between topics, for example, ماذا تعني بهذا؟، قلت بأنك تحب السفر، إلى أين تريد أن تسافر؟، ما معنى...؟

  • providing suggestions and giving advice in response to enquiries and questions, for example, بما انك تحب الرياضة أنصحك بالسّباحة لأنّها مفيدة جداً؛ لماذا لا تقرأ هذا الكتاب؟ جرّب هذا القلم الجديد. ضع الصورة هنا؛ هذا مكان مناسب لها

  • interacting in role-plays or spontaneous skits about travelling, for example, in a lost property office, asking for directions, asking for recommendations, complaining about service, for example, من فضلك، أين مكتب المفقودات؟ أين تقع مكتبة الحي؟ أنا غير راض عن خدمة العملاء في شركتكم.

  • sharing ideas and making suggestions relating to own and others’ experiences and aspirations, for example, أنا   أيضاً مثلك أحب السّباحة، أمي أيضاً لا تسمح لي بالّلعب على الحاسوب أيام الأسبوع، إن أردت سأرسل لك رسالة إلكترونية فيها كل المعلومات، أتمنّى أن ألتحق بفريق التّنس، أتمنّى أن أتعلّم الموسيقى

  • participating in discussions or debates about social issues such as youth employment, responsible use of technology, social media and climate change, using reasoning and justification, for example, لا يستطيع الشّباب العمل بدوام جزئي لأنّ واجبات المدرسة كثيرة،  التّدخين مضر بالصّحة فهو يسبّب الكثير من الأمراض الخطيرة،  يزداد الفقر في المجتمع ويجب على الجميع أن يحاربه

  • expressing and justifying own opinion in class discussions and debates, for example, أتفق معك جداً،  أوافقك الرأي،  أنا أحترم رأيك كثيراًلا أتفق معك ، لا أوافقك الرأي

  • eliciting responses and reacting to others’ opinions and ideas, for example, ما رأيك في هذه الجملة؟ هل تتفق معي؟ هل توافقني على كلامي؟ وأنت يا سعيد،  ماذا تعتقد؟ سميرة ما رأيك في الموضوع؟كلامك صحيح مئة بالمئة، أنت على حقٍ في رأيك هذا صحيح.أعتقد أنّ كلامك ليس صحيحاً،  أنت لست دقيقاً في كلامك، مع إحترامي لشخصك، أرى أنّ كلامك ليس منطقيّاً. آسفة رأيك غير مقنع

  • praising, complimenting and encouraging peers when discussing and sharing ideas, for example, ممتاز! رائع! فكرة هائلة! واصل مجهودك. هذه فكرة عبقريّة! أنت ذكيّ جداً! فكرتك مذهلة

  • having a spoken or written conversation with their ‘future or past self’ and sharing their thoughts and opinions about being multilingual and how it has enriched or benefitted their life or impacted their identity
  • initiating secure online discussions with Arabic-speaking peers, using descriptive and expressive language to describe significant events, special occasions or milestones in their lives, for example, كانت مناسبة مذهلة، كان حدثاً رائعاً، يا ليتك كنت معي يا صديقي لقد كانت لعبة حماسية ومثيرة لم أشهد مثلها من قبل، لن أنسى المشهد الذي رأيته

contribute to discussions that involve diverse views to negotiate outcomes, address issues and compare experiences

AC9LA10C02

  • engaging in social transactions with peers and teachers such as presenting gifts, accepting and declining invitations, making excuses and apologising, using appropriate protocols such as forms of politeness and respect, for example, أتشرف بقبول دعوتك، أشكرك على دعوتك، يسعدني ذلك ولكنني أعتذر عن الحضور لظروف خاصة مع فائق شكري وتقديري، كُلي أسف لن أستطيع الحضور لانشغالي … تحياتي وأشواقي الحارة، يُسعدني ذلك

  • creating a digital design such as an ideal home or leisure centre, and negotiating with peers in relation to different elements, options and priorities, for example, أفضل غرفة عائلية واسعة، أفضل حديقة كبيرة مع مسبح للصغار والكبار، أفضل غرفة للألعاب الإلكترونية في الطابق السفلي، كانت مناسبة مذهلة، كان حدثاً رائعاً، يا ليتك كنت معي يا صديقي لقد كانت لعبة حماسية ومثيرة لم أشهد مثلها من قبل

  • planning a real or online event, trip or excursion to an Arabic-speaking community, and persuading others to become involved and contribute in different ways, for example, an Arabic music or cultural day لا أتفق معكم على الذهاب إلى السينما في المساء، ماذا لو نذهب في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟ في المساء تكون السينما مزدحمة أما أثناء النهار فتكون هادئة، سأتصل بك في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع، هذا أفضل من أيام الأسبوع،

  • encouraging others to express their opinions or think seriously about a particular issue of interest, using texts such as secure blogs and language expressions such as هيا بنا نقدم رسالة اعتراض، أيعقل هذا! إنه اللامعقول بعينه!

  • reflecting on issues, suggesting alternative solutions and making decisions, using levels of formality and respect appropriate to audience and purpose, for example, أعتقد أنه من الأفضل القيام بذلك  قمت بعمل جيد لكن من الأفضل أن ...

  • participating in simulated job interviews, alternatively taking on the role of prospective employer and job applicant, for example, تحدث عن خبرتك في التجارة، لماذا تريد أن تعمل في هذه الشركة؟

  • discussing and devising a plan and solution for common problems or issues that young people may face such as managing study and part-time work commitments in a pros and cons list, for example, يجب أن تعطي أولوية لدراستك بدلاَ من العمل بدوام جزئي

  • expressing responses to a peer’s experience of an event such as a concert, party, camp, exam, job interview, using evaluative and expressive language to convey reactions such as excitement, appreciation or boredom, for example, لا أستطيع الإنتظار، أنا متحمس جدّاَ لقضاء أجمل الأوقات، أشعر بالملل الشديد!

Mediating meaning in and between languages

evaluate and synthesise information, ideas and perspectives in a broad range of spoken, written and multimodal texts and respond appropriately to cultural context, purpose and audience

AC9LA10C03

  • analysing information from texts such as articles, reports, charts, diagrams and news items, to discuss topics such as technology, world sports, and youth culture, for example, السخرية من وضع معين؛ التنديد بفعل معين؛ تزكية فكرة ما من خلال العبارات اللغوية والصور والتنسيق العام للتقرير

  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports in print and digital form, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias by evaluating textual purpose, for example, التحيّز لفكر ما والمبالغة: إن جميع الشباب متهوّر، هذا جيل غير مسؤولالحياديّة تجاه الأفكار المؤيدة والمعارضة:  هناك بعض الشباب المتهور ، إن غالبية الشّباب غير مسؤول

  • obtaining information in order to debate issues of interest such as the environment, technology, expectations of teenagers or the generation gap, using persuasive or evaluative language

  • listening to or reading First Nations Australian authors’ stories in English, and creating an author profile in Arabic
  • comparing different perspectives about an environmental issue, for example, a tourist company/profit perspective versus an environmental protection perspective, and incorporating information from both perspectives into a multimodal text to raise awareness about the issue, for example, من المهم أن نحافظ على البيئة بدلا من  كسب   المال لكي يستطيع الجيل القادم التمتع بجمال الطبيعة في المستقبل

  • locating and researching information from reliable sources to inform decisions, by weighing up options and making an ‘advantages and disadvantages’ table about a range of topics, for example, the best time of year to visit an Arabic-speaking country or a country that may best suit them for student exchange
  • analysing the lyrics of contemporary Arabic songs, identifying themes, language devices, messages and cultural aspects expressed and incorporating elements into their own original songs أغنية كن صديقي (ماجدة الرومي)، اللغة العربية (الشاعر حافظ ابراهيم)، اغنية أعطني الناي وغني (فيروز)

  • discussing how texts such as short films or video clips portray social issues such as relationships, wealth and poverty and cultural change, or values such as honesty and equality
  • conducting face-to-face or online interviews with peers, family or community members to compare life stories and perspectives on topics such as migration to Australia, living ‘across’ cultures or relationships with technology, and presenting findings in a newsletter article or community newspaper
  • adapting and changing texts to suit different contexts, purposes and audiences such as changing a formal speech to an informal message to a friend, for example, حضرة الطلاب، اجلبوا قبعاتكم  ، لانّ غداً لديكم رياضةمرحبا رامي، لا تنسى أن تجلب معك القبعة غداً والّا ستقع في مشكلة كبيرة

interpret and translate non-verbal, spoken and written interactions and texts to convey meaning and intercultural understanding in familiar and unfamiliar contexts

AC9LA10C04

  • translating texts such as advertisements, social media posts and short videos from Arabic into English and vice versa, with the assistance of online translators, identifying cultural elements and reflecting on how they are encoded in common words and expressions, for example, هيا أسرعوا، لا تدعوا الفرصة تفوتكم، إنها رحلة العمر، أرسل لك أشواقي وقبلاتي من أستراليا

  • reflecting on the difficulty of achieving equivalence in translations of creative texts such as poems, songs and video clips, identifying and explaining words and phrases that require particular elaboration or explanation, for example, والله ولي التوفيق، رافقتك السلامة، على ما يرام

  • experimenting with interpreting and translating popular Arabic expressions, proverbs or idioms, and reflecting on the social and cultural values that may be embedded in them, for example, الجار قبل الدار، من جدّ وجد ومن زرع حصد، في التّأنّي السلامة وفي العجلة الندامة

  • evaluating existing translations of texts such as subtitles in short films, making comparisons with own translations and reflecting on why versions may vary
  • considering how to maintain the integrity of original texts when translating into Arabic or English, for example, explaining culture-specific concepts relating to Arabic-speaking communities, such as     السلامات والتحيات والسؤال عن الأهل والأقارب , or to the Australian context such as ‘the bush’ or ‘the outback’, and representing original ideas and meanings bilingually
  • producing captions or commentaries for texts, explaining lifestyle and cultural practices in Australia for Arabic-speaking viewers, for example, bushwalking, barbeques, mateship, sporting events, Anzac Day commemorations الأعياد الوطنية، عيد المعلم، العيد الوطني الأسترالي ، عيد شهداء الأنزاك

  • producing digital and online texts in both Arabic and English, such as brochures and leaflets, for different contexts, purposes and audiences such as Arabic-speaking students studying in Australia, Arabic-speaking tourists, or Australian schools hosting Arabic-speaking visitors, and reflecting on the process of working in both languages
  • identifying moments of embarrassment or communication breakdown in own intercultural interactions, exploring reasons for these and suggesting adjustments that could be made to enhance mutual understanding, for example, explaining to a non-Arabic speaker that exposing the sole of your foot to a person’s face would be considered extremely bad manners and interpreted as an insult
Creating text in Arabic

create and present informative and imaginative texts for diverse contexts and purposes, selecting vocabulary, expressions, grammatical structures and a range of features and conventions to engage different audiences

AC9LA10C05

  • handwriting Arabic script and representing script digitally in texts, for example, using an Arabic keyboard and developing transliteration strategies
  • using a range of literary devices such as simile, metaphor and onomatopoeia to enhance texts, express ideas, convey meaning and highlight important themes, for example, كالأسد شجاع ، الدموع من شلال عيناها
  • evaluating and reporting on a contemporary social, ethical or environmental sustainability issue, using a range of text types and presenting information in formats such as a flow chart, slide presentation or video clip
  • writing a journal entry, or contributing to a school newsletter in Arabic reflecting on the impact of a visit to a significant cultural location on a First Nations Country/Place, and, with permission, referring to cultural knowledge of the site
  • creating digital clips or social media posts designed to persuade, dissuade, inform or inspire
  • creating imaginative texts in print, digital or online formats, such as short stories, video clips or plays, and building characters, themes and settings to entertain a specific audience, such as younger learners of Arabic
  • composing and presenting imaginative poems and songs that relate to significant celebrations or events in both the Arabic-speaking world and Australia, for example, الأمهات أو الآباء لعيد شعر
  • creating bilingual material to share with the local Arabic-speaking community, regarding features of the local environment such as the ecosystem, flora and fauna, and information about recycling programs, community groups and activities, for example, الظهر بعد خميس نهار كل تلتقي العربية الجمعية لجنة ان

  • creating captions or commentaries in Arabic and English to accompany texts such as song lyrics, video clips, film extracts or parts of a television program, and discussing the best ways of achieving consistency in meaning
  • collaborating with peers to create their own dramatic or humorous representations of people, situations or events encountered in their own lives that reflect their experiences of living in a multicultural and multilingual society
  • creating spoken, written and multimodal texts such as digital profiles, timelines or journals to showcase significant milestones, influential people, events or experiences that have helped shape their lives, for example, عندما كنت صغيراً ربحت جائزة أفضل تلميذ في اللغة العربيةتعلمت  اللغة العربية من جدي

Understanding systems of language

apply features and conventions of spoken Arabic to extend fluency in responding to and creating texts in familiar and unfamiliar contexts

AC9LA10U01

  • understanding that certain sounds in Arabic words can be dropped from pronunciation, such as the t sound in السماء صافية and tashkeel in الشمس مشرقة، البنت مريضة

  • recognising the need for a pause or change of tone in complex sentences with embedded clauses, for example, شاهدت الحادث الأليم عندما كنت مع صديقي عماد
  • reflecting on the role of pronunciation, rhythm, word stress and intonation in effective communication, and applying this knowledge to own interactions
  • using knowledge of Arabic pronunciation and spelling rules when engaging with authentic spoken and written texts
  • reciting challenging and unfamiliar language to develop pace, accuracy and fluency, for example, from poems and traditional literature
  • developing control of regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Arabic, such as the influence of accents and expression on pronunciation and spelling, for example, the use of the letter noon instead of tanween ِتابًا/ كِتابن or the use of haa instead of the taa marbouta َمَدرسة /ه مَدرس

  • listening to authentic texts such as public announcements, radio advertisements or recorded phone messages and recognising challenges associated with clarity and pace in audio texts
  • understanding how intonation and tone can convey emotions and modify meaning such as distinguishing between colloquial or formal language, for example, حقًا؟ يا إلهي! معقولة؟ تعال إلى هنا حالًا
  • experimenting with intonation and stress, improving coherence and increasing expressive range by reading out loud from unfamiliar texts, for example, newspapers, novels, reports

apply knowledge of grammatical structures to predict meaning and compose texts that contain some complex structures and ideas

AC9LA10U02

  • understanding that sentences can contain one or more verbs and can be joined with و or other cohesive devices such as connectives and conjunctions to sequence ideas, for example, أمَّا عن، بالإضافة إلى، بالرغم من في البداية أود أن أحدثكم عن يوم النّظافة العالمي، وبعد ذلك سأشرح لكم طرق المشاركة في هذا اليوم، ثمّ سأريكم بعض الصور وختاماً سآخذكم في جولة قصيرة حول الحديقة العامة

  • understanding that Arabic uses the dual form of nouns, verbs and adjectives, in both masculine and feminine forms, for example, أنتما تلعبان، هذان كتابان، الوردتان الجميلتان
  • understanding nouns and adjectives formed from verbs such as verbal nouns, for example, صنع/ مصنع، كسر/ مكسور، زار/ زيارة

  • understanding and applying the different types of adverbs, cognate adverbs المفعول المطلق and locative adverbs المفعول فيه for example, أدرس كثيراً قبل الامتحان، ضربت ضربة واحدة، عملت في المدرسة دهراً

  • manipulating interrogative verb forms to ask a range of questions, for example, قل لي لمَ لم تتّصل بي؟ أتصلت بك عدة مرات ولم ترد عليّ. أخبرني ماذا تريد أن تصبح في المستقبل؟ إشرح لي أسباب عدم قبولك دعوتي لحفل عيد ميلادي. ألسنا أصدقاء؟

  • understanding and applying indirect object pronouns and passive voice to express ideas objectively in texts such as articles and speeches, for example, مُنعَ الكتاب بسبب أفكاره الجريئة، خُصّصَ وقت بعد المدرسة لتعليم اللّغة العربية

  • negating a range of verbal sentences, for example, لم، لن، لا، ليس، مالا أحبُّ مُشاهدة الأفلام القديمة،لن أستمع إلى كلام أحد، ليس كل ما يتمناه المرء يدركه

  • using cardinal numbers from 13 onwards ثلاثة عشر طالباً، ثلاث عشرة طالبة، أربعة عشر بيتاً

  • using complex ordinal numbers to count hours, minutes and seconds, and half and quarter past the hour, for example, الساعَة حَوَالَيْ الثانِيَة وثَلاثونَ دَقيقَة، إنَّها الخامِسَة إلّا عِشر  دقائق

  • using إلاّ to express exceptions, for example, جميع أصدقائي يلعبون رياضة ما خلال الأسبوع إلّا أنا

  • using the conditional mood as a formulaic expression, for example, لو نجحت في الإمتحان هذا العام فسوف يشتري لي أبي لعبة إلكترونية جديدة

  • understanding and using the conjunction بينما to compare people or actions, and enhance expression, for example, رياضة السّباحة ممتعة ومفيدة خاصة هنا في أستراليا، بينما لعبة كرة القدم أكثر شعبيّة

  • using a range of comparative and superlative forms of adjectives to describe people and objects, for example, صديقتي هناء هي أجمل فتاة رأيتها في حياتي، هي أحنّ صديقة، واكثرواحدة تحب مساعدة الآخرين ،  إِنها أيضاَ موهوبة أكثر مِني في الرسم

  • using imperative verb tenses to persuade, encourage and advise others, for example, شاركوا في الردّ على الموقع الإلكتروني، لا تنسوا شاهدوا الفيلم الأسطوري، سيعجبكم جداً، هيّا تشددوا وحاولوا أن تكملوا البحث بجدارة ، إتّصلوا على الرقم المذكور في الإعلان

  • using subjunctive mood to express doubt, uncertainty, or emotion, for example, قد يكون كلامك صحيحاً ولكني لست متأكّداً منه، ربما تقبل أمي أن أذهب معك إلى الحفل لست متأكدة

  • using definite/indefinite articles and embedded clauses in a range of complex sentences, for example, سأختار كتابي القادم عن علم النفس، سأختار كتاب أخيأحب القراءة كثيراً بالرّغم من أن الكثير من الناس لا يحبون أن يقرأوا بل يفضلون مشاهدة التلفاز، لا أعرف لماذا أصدقائي والّذين أصولهم عربية، لا يحبون الأغاني العربيّة!

reflect on and evaluate Arabic texts, using metalanguage to analyse language structures and features

AC9LA10U03

  • analysing how language choices help achieve particular purposes and effects in particular types of Arabic and English texts, such as descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in personal, secure blogs, diary or journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements and speeches
  • discussing the use of diacritics in Arabic texts for decorative purposes in items such as book titles, letter heads and nameplates, and comparing with English text aesthetics such as fonts and cursive styles
  • examining a range of spoken and written Arabic and English texts, discussing similarities, differences and connections between context, purpose and audience, and what the texts reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, or concepts of respect and politeness
  • understanding and using metalanguage to discuss grammatical features of texts and to explain how word order, tenses and moods, adjectives and adverbs can be used to enhance meaning and expand expression
  • using prior knowledge of Arabic and English grammatical structures and language functions, and explaining these to others, to develop and learn further language, for example, noticing and remembering grammatical patterns
  • being the teacher or buddy and annotating peers’ draft work, offering suggestions such as sequencing of ideas, grammatical structures, paragraphs and layout
Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

reflect on and evaluate how identity is shaped by language(s), culture(s), attitudes, beliefs and values and how these affect ways of communicating

AC9LA10U04

  • examining how the English language is influencing and modifying Arabic language use in particular settings, for example, in the entertainment industry – films and television programs, in online contexts, and in global contexts – language to express concepts such as الّليبر اليّة الدّيمقر اطيّة
  • recognising the importance of learning and maintaining Arabic and other languages to develop intercultural understanding and appreciate the values, beliefs and mindsets of others
  • recognising Modern Standard Arabic as the ‘lingua franca’ for people who speak Arabic, and that it allows for communication across cultural and international barriers within and beyond the Arab nations
  • reflecting on and explaining the protocols required to authentically co-create an Acknowledgement of Country/Place with a First Nations’ Australian, to present in Arabic to a group of Arabic-speaking visitors at a school assembly
  • analysing contemporary lifestyles and cultures in diverse Arabic-speaking countries and reflecting on similarities and differences from own lifestyle, practices and traditions
  • appreciating that many Arabic speakers may be multilingual, and use other colloquial language variations or dialects, and this may form part of their identity, values and beliefs, for example, Modern Standard Arabic, Masri and English
  • analysing their own bicultural and bilingual biographies to discover more about family heritage, migration and history and reflecting on how this can contribute to their identity and understanding the origin of family traditions and practices such as celebrating festivals or spiritual beliefs
  • discussing whether being bilingual or multilingual allows for a more flexible sense of identity in ways that involve culture as well as language
  • understanding and discussing the importance and influence of the Arabic language in the world, for example, as the language of Islam and sacred scripture, to showcase global networks and citizenship, in business and trade, and as an official language of the United Nations
  • researching and classifying terms associated with customs, traditions, practices and values that have cultural significance or history and whose profound meanings are difficult to convey in other languages, for example, طهوراَ، عشق، أم، رحمة، صديق

  • researching various cultural elements and customs in Arabic-speaking communities, such as family loyalty and obligations, roles, family structures and factors determining personal status, and commenting on how these may be different from their own, for example, الأبناء يعيشون مع الأباء ولا ينفصلون عنهم قبل الزواج، الأباء كبار السن يعيشون مع الأبناء

  • using a reflective journal to record and compare when they consciously choose to use one language rather than the other, considering whether their ways of thinking and communicating change between languages and why, for example, being mindful of different perspectives and traditions
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