Arabic - Foundation to Year 10

Overview Australian Curriculum

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Foundation

Foundation Year Level Description

In Foundation, Arabic language learning builds on the Early Years Learning Framework and each student’s prior learning and experiences with language. Students communicate with peers, teachers, known adults and students from their own and other classes. Background-language learners may also interact in Arabic within their family. Students strengthen and extend their communication and interpersonal skills by interacting with peers in Arabic through play-based and action-related learning. They receive extensive support through modelling, scaffolding and revisiting.

Students experience and imitate the sounds and gestures of Arabic language. They participate in shared listening and viewing of texts that represent Arabic and Arabic-speaking contexts. Spoken, written and multimodal texts may include conversations, picture books, traditional and contemporary rhyming verse, songs and stories, films, animated cartoons and performances. Background-language learners may bring examples of known Arabic contexts or texts to the classroom. Students learn that language can be represented in different ways, including the Roman and Arabic alphabets. They learn that languages and cultures are connected, and that what is familiar to one person can be new to somebody else.

Foundation Achievement Standard

By the end of the Foundation year, students use play and imagination to interact and create Arabic texts, with support. They identify that Arabic and English look and sound different. They recognise that there are languages and cultures as well as their own, and that aspects of language and culture contribute to their own and others’ cultural identity.

Foundation Content Descriptions

with support, recognise and communicate meaning in Arabic

AC9LAF01

  • using simple greetings and gestures relevant to the time of day, for example, صباح الخير، مساء الخير، نهارك سعيد

  • using puppets to introduce themselves or share simple information, for example, صباح الخير أنا  اسمي ليلى، أنا ليلي مساء الخير أنا اسمي عادل، انا عادل

  • sharing likes and dislikes using modelled language and keywords, for example, أنا أحب أمي، أنا أحب معلمتي، أنا أحب التفاح، أنا لا أحب الموز

  • participating in class activities and following instructions, using movement and actions, for example, قف/ قفي، اجلس/اجلسي،  اجلس في دائرة، افتح الباب

  • imitating Arabic pronunciation and copying gestures, body language and the mouth shape and tongue position of the teacher, for example, ثَ – ثَعْلَب،   ذ – ذِئِب

  • participating in a range of songs and rhymes, using musical instruments and clapping to chant Arabic letters and words, for example, أنشودة الحروف العربية، أغنية الأرقام، أغنية الألوان، أنشودة الفواكه

  • responding to simple descriptive language to guess a concealed item in a bag or box such as a pencil, spoon, ball, soft toy or fruit, for example, إنه ناعم/خشن، إنه  كبير/صغير، إنه طويل/قصير، إنه مستدير

  • listening to simple instructions and keywords in Arabic to build an object or add body parts, shapes or colours to a drawing or sculpture, for example, ارسم دائرة، ارسم الشعر، لونه أحمر

  • engaging in play with blocks, props, toys or concrete materials to construct items, using simple Arabic to talk about number, colour and shape, for example, صغير، كبير، أحمر، أخضر، مكعّب

  • participating in shared reading of familiar stories, sharing thoughts about characters and events, and noticing that an Arabic book is read from right to left
  • participating in group reading of familiar stories or sensory books in Arabic, repeating key words and simple descriptions
  • re-enacting stories with puppets, props or actions
  • identifying familiar objects in the classroom by labelling, naming, pointing, matching, clicking and dragging, drawing and tracing قلم، دفتر، كتاب، مسطرة، ممحاة، ورقة، طاولة، كرسي، لوح، شاشة

  • playing digital games to count, sort, order, match and imitate language, for example, واحد، اثنان، ثلاثة في الأول، في الاَخر

explore, with support, language features of Arabic noticing similarities and differences between Arabic and English

AC9LAF02

  • observing that written Arabic uses different letters from English and that Arabic is always written in cursive and letters usually connect to their neighbouring letters, unlike English which can be written in either print or cursive form, for example, ب ي ت - بيت

  • tracing and practising writing Arabic letters and numbers starting from the right side of the page
  • noticing when Arabic or English is being spoken in the classroom, and comparing some familiar words or expressions such as, “Hello, how are you?” مرحبًا، كيف حالكم اليوم؟ نحن بخير، بخير الحمد لله ازَّيكم؟ كيفكن؟ بخير

  • making or drawing pictures to represent Arabic letter shapes, using tactile materials such as modelling clay or pipe cleaners, for example, the letter س  looks like a boat on the sea with waves beside it
  • describing in their own words, using pictures and gestures as support, observable differences between Arabic and English, such as letters, text direction, diacritic marks, letter shapes, with the teacher transcribing findings on a poster or the whiteboard, for example, s - س

  • making connections with the Arabic origins of words and phrases used in everyday life in Australia, for example, identifying food names such as تبولة، فلافل، بابا غَنّوج، حمص

  • experimenting with sounds used in Arabic, for example, animal noises عوعو, بقبق بيق, ماء ماء and comparing these with sounds in English and other languages represented in the class
  • noticing that the Arabic language spoken at home, with relatives, or in the local community, may sound different from the Standard Arabic language learnt in the classroom, for example, هُنا- هون/هِنا، نحنُ – نِحْنا/إحنا

explore connections between language and culture

AC9LAF03

  • watching simple clips showing famous sites, foods, dress, cultural activities, events and associated language in Arabic-speaking communities and discussing observations and what was interesting, surprising, familiar, etc.
  • participating in a class or school event celebrating Arab culture(s) and language(s), and trying some traditional foods, games, listening to a guest speaker or dancing to traditional music
  • locating Arabic-speaking countries and regions on a world map, understanding that Arabic is spoken in Australia and around the world, noticing how local names of streets, places and landmarks can have their origins in language(s) of First Nations Australians
  • using the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) map of the languages of Australia to notice the language(s) of First Nations Australians in their local area and/or across Australia
  • exploring the different languages, dialects and gestures used by class members and listening to the different sounds and ways of saying common words or expressions such as “Good morning”, “My name is …” صباح الفل/صباح النور/صباح الخير اسمي ...

  • observing, through a variety of authentic resources and materials, that members of various Arabic-speaking communities may say and do everyday things differently from themselves such as المصافحة، التقبيل على الخد، بدء وجبة الطعام مع  ذكر الله

  • exchanging ideas, feelings and understandings of language and culture through play-based learning experiences such as playing dress-ups, making a pretend restaurant or market stands, with props, realia and puppets, for example, ماذا لديك؟ طبق فتوش (لبنان)، كشري (مصر)، كبسة (الخليج) ماهذا العَلم؟ أعلام البلدان

Years 1-2 Syllabus

Years 1-2 Band Level Description

In Years 1 and 2, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences with language. Students continue to communicate and work in collaboration with peers and teachers through purposeful and structured activities involving listening, speaking, viewing and early writing skills. They interact in Arabic language to share information about themselves and their immediate environments using play-based and action-related learning. Background-language learners may also interact in Arabic in their local community. In informal settings, students use local and digital resources to explore Arabic-speaking communities in Australia and diverse locations across the world. They continue to receive extensive support through modelling, scaffolding, repetition and reinforcement.

Students recognise key words and phrases, imitate gestures and pronunciation, and use modelled language to communicate with others. Background-language learners may bring prior knowledge of spoken language and gestures to the classroom. Students transition from spoken to written language and understand that Arabic is written from right to left and recognise that letters need to be joined to form words. They create simple imaginative and informative texts that may include pictorial representations, words and short statements. They collaborate and respond to spoken, written and multimodal texts that may include conversations, traditional and contemporary songs and rhymes, picture and story books, animated cartoons, films and performances. They notice that languages contain words which have been borrowed from another language, and that there are similarities and differences between languages and cultures.

Years 1-2 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 2, students use Arabic language to interact and share information related to the classroom and themselves. They use cues to respond to questions and instructions, and use simple formulaic language. They locate and convey key items of information in texts using non-verbal, visual and contextual cues to help make meaning. They use familiar words and modelled language to create texts. They copy the letters and vowel marks of the Arabic alphabet to mark words.

Students imitate the sounds and rhythms of spoken Arabic. They demonstrate understanding that Arabic has conventions and rules for non-verbal communication, pronunciation and writing. They give examples of similarities and differences between some features of Arabic and English. They understand that language is connected with culture, and notice how this is reflected in their own language(s) and culture(s).

Years 1-2 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

recognise and respond to modelled classroom-related greetings, instructions and routines, and personal introductions

AC9LA2C01

  • greeting and farewelling others at school and/or in the community, using appropriate expressions and body language, for example, مرحبًا، أهلًا، كيف حالُكَ/كيف حالُكِ؟ أنا بخير، إلى اللقاء صباح الخير/مساء الخير، أستاذ يوسف، أستاذة ليلى، أراك غداً

  • responding to and following classroom instructions, such as during roll call, when distributing work, preparing for activities or packing up, for example, نعم، أنا هنا، ليس هنا، حاضر افتح الكتاب، اغلق الباب، قف، اجلس، تعال، انظرِ إلى الشاشة، ارفعِ يدك

  • seeking permission and responding appropriately, or asking to borrow items and expressing simple possession, for example, من فضلك، لو سمحتِ، أريد أن أذهب إلى الحمام، أريد القلم، أريد الكتاب، شكراً، عفواً

  • using formulaic Arabic phrases for everyday interactions such as thanking, apologising and for special occasions, for example, أنا آسف،  عيد  ميلاد  سعيد، شكراً

  • introducing themselves and answering simple questions, using formulaic expressions such as مرحبًا، اسمي عادل، اسمي ليلى، عمري سِتُّ سنوات. أنا طالب في الصف الأول، أنا طالبة في الصف الثاني. كم عمركَ؟ كم عُمرُكِ؟

  • asking and responding to questions about likes and dislikes, using simple language such as أنا أحب أمي، أنا أحب أبي، أنا أحب معلمتي، أنا لا أحب الفئران

  • sharing simple information about the school or home environment such as مدرستي كبيرة، صفي جميل، بيتي صغير استيقظ الساعة السادسة صباحًا،  أفرشي أسناني، ألبس ثياب المدرسة، أذهب إلى مدرستي مع أمي، أعود إلى البيت الساعة الخامسة مساءً.

  • developing non-verbal and spoken communication skills, and some spontaneous language, through activities such a charades, roll the ball, musical statues, guessing games, Simon Says, for example, إنها طائرة! مهلًا! تعال الى هنا من فضلك

  • exchanging simple correspondence (greeting cards, notes, etc.) for celebrations and cultural events, using modelled language, for example,  أتمنى لك عيد ميلاد سعيد

participate in a range of guided, play-based language activities using formulaic expressions, visual and spoken cues

AC9LA2C02

  • performing songs, raps, rhymes and action stories using simple language and non-verbal forms of expression such as clapping, gestures and facial expressions to support meaning, for example, غناء أغنية الحروف، غناء أغنية الأرقام

  • using some spoken modelled phrases and exclamations, and non-verbal cues such as pointing, clapping, hand gestures, to aid comprehension, for example, رائع ، ممتاز، الإشارة بإصبع الإبهام، الإشارة باليد للانتظار

  • using Arabic for versions of games that involve movement, such as Fruit Salad, Simon Says, All over Red Rover, What’s The Time Mr Wolf, and following directions and commands, for example, إرفع يدك، انظر إليّ، اغمض عينيك، ضع يدك على رأسك

  • engaging in a range of secure online games or using digital tools and applications (matching pairs, filling in gaps, dragging and dropping, playing memory games and bingo, etc.), to reinforce vocabulary using visual/spoken cues and formulaic expressions, for example, املأ الفراغ، ضع الصورة في المكان المناسب، اضغط هنا

  • contributing to class activities or projects, for example, making a birthday calendar, weather chart or class pet care roster, using familiar vocabulary such as اليوم هو عيد ميلاد يوسف، عيد ميلاد سامي في يوم ... ما تاريخ اليوم؟ تاريخ اليوم هو ... كيف الطقس اليوم؟ بارد، حار، معتدل نطعم السلحفاة  يوم الاثنين ويوم الأربعاء

  • participating in collaborative tasks such as role-plays or solving a puzzle, that involve taking turns, counting and identifying appearance and characteristics, for example, دورك الآن، دوري الآن ، دوركم الآن كم عدد الأقلام؟ ما لون الزرافة؟ هل هذا أحمر أم أخضر؟

  • describing familiar objects and people, using pictures and concrete materials through oral activities and games such as show and tell, for example, الصف واسع، الملعب نظيف، السيارة صغيرة، الزرافة طويلة، الفتاة جميلة، الطاولة كبيرة

Mediating meaning in and between languages

locate, with support, key information in familiar texts, and respond using gestures, images, words and formulaic phrases

AC9LA2C03

  • listening to, reading or viewing a text and sequencing the events and ideas, using storyboards, drawing pictures or cutting and pasting pictures or words in corresponding order
  • using gestures, facial expressions, images, and contextual cues to assist understanding intended meaning,  for example, أنا سعيد/ة، هو حزين/ة، هي تبكي/ هو يبكي، هي تضحك/هو يضحك

  • identifying letters, numbers, words and phrases in written Arabic (titles, labels, captions, etc.), by labelling, matching, clicking and dragging, miming and using actions
  • recognising that gestures and body language are integral to communicating in language for First Nations Australians, and showing examples of how they are also integral to communicating in Arabic and the language(s) they may speak at home
  • collecting information from visual, written or multimodal texts and categorising the findings, for example, lists of favourite colours, animals or toys
  • using contextual cues while reading or viewing, for example, using video and other visual prompts to reinforce words and phrases, and responding using key words, phrases or gestures
  • sorting and categorising information in graphic representations, such as tables and diagrams, including details about colour, quantity and place relating to people and objects, for example, ما عدد الأقلام الحمراء والزرقاء والسوداء على الطاولة؟ كم طالب وكم طالبة في  الصف؟ كم عدد التفاح والموز والبرتقال في الوعاء؟

  • listening to, reading or viewing Arabic versions of familiar stories in print, online or digital form, such as اليرقة الجائعة جداًّ and re-creating them through illustrations, mime, movement or dance
  • participating in shared reading of imaginative and informative texts using modelled language and formulaic expressions to respond to questions or make statements about illustrations, words, characters and events, for example, ما معنى ...؟ قصة رائعة،  حفلة ممتعة، انظر إلى ...، القطة جميلة الكلب أسود

notice that language carries cultural meaning in classroom-related greetings, introductions, instructions and routines

AC9LA2C04

  • noticing the use of titles to address teachers and older people, and first names or surnames with adults, to show respect, for example, أستاذ ...، عم ...، خالة ... سيدة... ، آنسة

  • using prior knowledge to identify hand gestures, body language and facial expressions that can be used without language to convey meaning, for example, nodding to indicate agreement, right hand on chest when greeting, hand and finger gesture to indicate waiting, come here, go or no
  • translating when necessary to help others understand simple instructions, words or expressions such as يا عادل افتح الحاسوب ، يا ليلى انظري للجمل ، أنا أحب الكيوي.

  • noticing that some common Arabic words and expressions may be difficult to explain in English, for example, نعيماً، بتموني، تسلم ايديك، صحتين على قلبك

  • identifying culturally appropriate ways of communicating and acting in familiar contexts and incorporating these into their own interactions, for example, to show politeness and respect such as عدم وضع الركبة فوق الأخرى أمام المعلم، الوقوف عند تحية كبير السن، الصغير يمنح الأكبر مقعده، استخدام الألقاب عند  مناداة الأشخاص

  • engaging in different Arabic cultural practices, events or traditional activities held at different times of the year, using related vocabulary, greetings and expressions such as ما شاء الله، مبروك، مبارك، كل عام وأنتم بخير، يوم ميلاد سعيد

Creating text in Arabic

with support, connect letters and use vowel marks to form words, and use familiar phrases and modelled language to create spoken, written and multimodal texts

AC9LA2C05

  • recognising the different shapes of letters and connecting them to create simple words and sentences, for example, ج   ز  ر، أ  ن ا، أ  م  ي جـ  ـز ر، أ نـ  ـا، أ  مــ  ـي جزر، أنا، أمي

  • using familiar vocabulary and modelled sentence structures to create informative texts (spoken or written descriptions, class book, family tree, dialogue, etc.) about self, family, friends and possessions, for example, أ+ ب = أب ، أ+ م= أم ، أ + ب + ي = أبي أحب أبي ، هذا أخي.

  • creating simple sentences about a familiar story such as Aladdin, Sinbad, or Ali Baba, for example, انظر إلى الجني ، السجادة تطير

  • matching bilingual captions/labels to images of First Nations Country/Place locations in their local area or elsewhere in Australia
  • creating short texts, such as simple sentences, to label and describe personal possessions or objects in the classroom, for example, حقيبتي كبيرة وثقيلة، هذا قلمي، قلمي جديد، صفي صغير ومزين

  • writing words or simple phrases on each finger of their hand outline traced on paper, for example, to describe themselves and their likes and dislikes, and reflecting on their ‘hand’ at the end of the year to see improvements in writing or changes in appearance or preferences, for example, أنا الآن لا أحب القطط، كنت قصيراً ولكن الآن أصبحت طويلاً

  • creating a puppet play or performance based on an experience or aspect of a story, song, poem or cartoon, for example, مرحبًا، أنا دبدوب،  كيف حالكم اليوم؟ أهلًا وسهلًا نحن بخير كيف حالك أنت يا دبدوب؟

  • creating and presenting a class big book and/or texts in digital form, based on familiar topics or imagined scenarios, using modelled language, for example, ... هذا قط جميل، اسمه مشمش، يلعب مِشمش بالكرة، رأى مشمش فأراً

  • making bilingual greeting cards in print or digital form for family celebrations, such as Mother’s Day or other special occasions, using greetings and simple expressions in Arabic and English, for example, عيد أم سعيد، عيد أب سعيد، عيد ميلاد سعيد، أمي الحبيب

  • labelling photos in both Arabic and English for a display of a class event or experience such as a sports day or school concert أسبوع اللغة العربية، يوم أستراليا

Understanding systems of language

recognise and imitate the sounds and rhythms of Arabic

AC9LA2U01

  • mimicking the 28 letter sounds of the alphabet and the 3 short and long vowels
  • observing the mouth and tongue position when forming sounds such as خ، ح، ث، ذ
  • playing with sounds such as onomatopoeia, for example, animal noises, بق بق بيق
  • putting 2 fingers on the throat to help produce the sound of letters أ ، هـ ، ع ، ح ، غ ، خ

  • repeating the names of letters and reproducing their sounds with the short vowel ‘a’ ‘fat-aa الفتحة’, for example, ضاد – ضَ، صاد – صَ، قاف - قَ

  • listening to a sound and circling the corresponding Arabic letter in a range of games such as snap, matching cards or ‘sound bingo’
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating frequently-used words and phrases, noticing that statements and questions have different intonation, for example, غناء الحروف ، غناء الأرقام

recognise that the Arabic alphabet and features of language are used to construct meaning in Arabic

AC9LA2U02

  • copying and recognising the individual shapes of the 28 letters of the alphabet أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي

  • identifying the 6 letters that do not connect with letters that follow them in a word د ذ ر ز و ا
  • identifying the 4 different connected shapes of the Arabic letters to form simple words, for example, ج جـ ـجـ ـج، س سـ ـسـ ـس، ب بـ ـبـ ـب

  • recognising that Arabic words are written from right to left, for example, درس، جرس، نور،  يوم

  • recognising and writing Arabic digits from one to twenty
  • using singular possessive adjectives related to self, for example, بيتي، سريري، معلمتي،غرفتك، كتابكِ، حقيبتها، دفتره

  • noticing the use of the possessive pronoun ي at the end of words, to indicate ownership, for example, معلمتي، سريري، بيتي، دفتري، قلمي

  • using familiar objects to express location, with prepositions such as الكرة في الصندوق، القلم على الطاولة،  الكتب في الحقيبة

  • using simple, modelled verbs to describe aspects of own daily activities, for example, أستيقظ في الصباح، ألبس ثيابي، أتناول الفطور، أركب الباص،  أدخل الصف، أكمل الواجب

  • beginning to notice that nouns have definite and indefinite articles and gender, for example, تلميذ/التلميذ، معلمة/المعلمة

  • recognising word order in simple phrases and sentences, for example, نام سليم، وقف الولد، أكل سامي التفاحة، شربت سحر العصير

  • using the simple sentence structure ‘this is’ to identify people and objects, for example, هذا كتاب، هذه طاولة، هذا أخي، هذه أمي

notice that Arabic has features that may be similar to or different from English

AC9LA2U03

  • recognising that the Arabic script is written from right to left and that books and papers are written from back to front and comparing these with equivalent texts in English
  • exploring differences in alphabet and writing through play, digital resources and discussions, for example, the number and shape of letters, the way they are written and direction of writing
  • understanding that the Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters that look and sound different from the English (Roman) alphabet which consists of 26 letters
  • observing some common features of familiar Arabic and English texts such as stories, nursery rhymes and signs, for example, في يوم من الأيام ، في  أحد الأيام ، حزورة فزورة، جدي عنده مزرعة، لاءلئي لاءلئي يا نجمة

  • noticing that Arabic has borrowed words from English, for example, إنترنت، كمبيوتر، كاميرا، تلفزيون and that English has borrowed words from Arabic such as زرافة، جمل، قطن، جني، قهوة، ليمون
  • observing that some sounds in Arabic do not exist in English, for example, خ  ح  ع  غ  ض
  • learning some basic differences in word order in simple sentences and phrases, for example, object before the adjective عيد ميلاد سعيد، قلم أحمر، يوم مُشمس

Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

notice that people use language in ways that reflect cultural practices

AC9LA2U04

  • exploring the meaning of culture, and how it involves a range of elements unique to each person such as dress, food, manners, where they live, how they celebrate, and the language(s) they speak, for example, الأكل  والشرب باليمين، ذكر الاله قبل الأكل، شكر الإله بعد الأكل

  • using culturally appropriate manners, greetings, and forms of address in the classroom and community, for example, مرحبًا، أهلًا وسهلًا، السلام عليكم، وعليكم السلام، عم / سيد / أستاذ عادل عمة / سيدة / أستاذة ليلى

  • noticing how their spoken Arabic language at home may vary from the spoken Arabic language in class, and exploring similarities and differences between various dialects represented within the classroom أزيك؟ إيشلونك؟ كيفك؟  قديش عمرك؟

  • exploring symbols and languages used by First Nations Australians and by Arabic-speaking communities in a range of contexts, for example, identifying the colours of flags in Arabic and discussing what the colours represent in English
  • recognising that Arabic and Arabic dialects are spoken in many countries and regions around the world, including Australia, and that cultural beliefs and practices may vary depending on location
  • recognising similarities and differences between naming systems across languages represented in the classroom, and noticing that Arabic-speaking students may have names derived from other cultures and languages إبراهيم ، جوليا ، إسحاق ، يعقوب ، بوسي ، نوح

  • comparing aspects of their own lifestyles, such as interactions with family and friends, special celebrations, daily practices, main meal of the day and associated language, with children living in Arabic-speaking countries, for example, في البحرين أتناول وجبة الغداء الأساسية بعد صلاة الظهر، في أستراليا أتناول وجبة الغداء الأساسية بعد المدرسة بالهناء والشفاء، صحتين

  • participating in cultural experiences and celebrations, such as a cooking demonstration, dressing in traditional clothes or learning a new dance, and using some associated language and gestures, for example, تسلم ايديكم، يعطيكن العافية، شكراً

Years 3-4 Syllabus

Years 3-4 Band Level Description

In Years 3 and 4, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences with language. Students continue to communicate and work in collaboration with peers and teachers through purposeful and creative play in structured activities involving listening, speaking, viewing and some writing. They use Arabic to interact with peers and teachers and plan activities in familiar settings that reflect their interests and capabilities. Background-language learners may also bring their experience of interacting in Arabic in their local community to the classroom. In informal settings, students use local and digital resources to explore Arabic-speaking communities in Australia and diverse locations across the world. They may continue to need support through modelling, scaffolding, repetition and the use of targeted resources.

Students develop active listening skills and use gestures, words and modelled expressions, imitating Arabic language sounds, pronunciation and intonation. Background-language learners may bring knowledge of words and expressions to the classroom. Students use their literacy capabilities in English and/or Arabic to recognise differences between using the Roman alphabet in English and the Arabic alphabet. They recognise that Arabic letters change in appearance depending on their position in the word. They locate information, respond to, and create informative and imaginative texts. They access authentic and purpose-developed Arabic language texts such as picture books, traditional and contemporary stories and songs, digital and animated games, timetables, recipes and advertisements. They recognise that languages influence each other and that language and culture reflect practices and behaviours.

Years 3-4 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 4, students use Arabic language to initiate structured interactions to share information related to the classroom and their personal worlds. They use modelled language to participate in spoken and written activities that involve planning. They locate and respond to key items of information in texts using strategies to help interpret and convey meaning in familiar contexts. They use modelled language and basic syntax to create texts, using letter conventions as appropriate.

Students imitate sound combinations and rhythms of spoken Arabic. They demonstrate understanding that Arabic has non-verbal, spoken and written language conventions and rules to create and make meaning. They recognise that some terms have cultural meanings. They identify patterns in Arabic and make comparisons between Arabic and English. They understand that the Arabic language is connected with culture, and identify how this is reflected in their own language(s) and culture(s).

Years 3-4 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

initiate exchanges and respond to modelled questions about self, others, and classroom environment, using formulaic expressions

AC9LA4C01

  • selecting and using formal or informal greetings, for real or simulated situations depending on the time of day, context and relationship to the other person, for example,
    مرحبًا خالة ليلى، صباح الخير أستاذ عادل،  كيف حالك يا صديقي؟  تصبحون على خير.
  • using appropriate body language, gestures and non-verbal communication in response to others, for example,
    الإيماء بالرأس للموافقة، رفع اليد للسلام، حركات الأصابع واليد للإظهار النفي أو التوقف، السلام باليد، التعانق بين الأصدقاء
  • giving and following a range of classroom instructions and guidance, for example,
    توقف عن الكلام، انظر إلي، استمع لي، اغلق الباب، افتح الكتاب على الصفحة...
  • attracting attention and requesting help or favours in classroom situations, for example,
    لدي فكرة رائعة! ماذا لو، هل ممكن ان تساعدني في ...
  • asking and responding to questions about information relating to self, peers, friends, family members and personal items, for example,
    كم عمرك؟ أنا عمري ثماني سنوات، ما هي هوايتك؟ هوايتي المفضلة كرة القدم، كم عدد أخوتك؟، من هي صديقتك المفضلة؟، من أين أنت؟ أنا من العراق، تشرفت بك، مع السلامة، إلى اللقاء
  • sharing information about daily routines and favourite activities at home and school, for example,
    أستيقظ  باكراً، أفرشي أسناني، ألعب بالكرة، لدي ألعاب كثيرة، أشاهد الأفلام، أذهب إلى المدرسة بالحافلة
  • practising how to initiate conversations, using modelled words, phrases, spontaneous interjections and exclamations, to react and show interest, for example,
    حقاً، حسنًا، ممتاز، إنها فكرة جيدة، إنها فكرة
  • exchanging simple correspondence such as print or digital messages, notes, invitations or special occasion cards, using modelled language, for example,
    أنت مدعو لحفل عيد ميلادي، عيد ميلاد سعيد ليلى

participate in activities that involve planning with others, using a range of familiar phrases and modelled structures

AC9LA4C02

  • participating with peers in simple action songs, raps and games that include alternating repetitive phrases in Arabic and English, for example, rock, paper, scissors, ، ورق مقص حجر ،
  • praising and encouraging peers, using formulaic phrases with gestures to offer suggestions and advice, for example,
    عمل رائع، لا تستسلم، أداؤك ممتاز
  • planning and performing items for an audience such as language or cultural demonstrations, role plays or dances at school assembly, for another class or parents, and negotiating and delegating roles and responsibilities, for example,  
    أنا سأكتب وأنت تتحدث، أنا سأكون القط وأنت ستكون الفأر، أنا سأكون الحكم
  • working in pairs to assist the teacher with classroom tasks and responsibilities, for example, roll call, distributing or collecting work, demonstrating tasks or giving instructions using imperatives such as
    عادل وزع الكتب من فضلك، تفضل هذا كتابك، اجمع الكتب، ضعها على الرف واجلس مكانك
  • collaborating with peers to plan for and complete tasks, such as designing a poster or invitation for a significant event such as book week or a class party, and deciding what items to wear or bring, for example,
    أنا سأحضر العصير، أنا سأحضر الفاكهة ، ماذا ستحضر معك يا عادل؟
  • participating in scripted role-plays, such as buying goods from a shop, self-introductions or ordering food, using props to engage in conversation, for example, هل عندك حليب؟
Mediating meaning in and between languages

locate and respond to key information related to familiar content obtained from spoken, written and multimodal texts

AC9LA4C03

  • responding to a story, song, cartoon, comic or simple narrative by retelling, re-enacting the main events or taking on the role of a character, using props, movement and dance
  • interviewing peers, using modelled questions regarding their routines, likes, interests or pets, and presenting the results in charts, Venn diagrams, graphs, graphic representations or reports, for example,
    هل تحب التفاح أم الكيوي؟
    ما هي فاكهتك المفضلة؟
    فادي يحب التفاح ، ليلى تحب الخوخ
  • reading profiles and stories in print and digital form about people, animals and imagined characters, and creating a display or poster with character names, short descriptions and pictures, for example,
    هذا حيوان الكنغر، يقفز على أرجله الخلفية، لونه ...
    جحا، حمار جحا، أمير بغداد،  حارس الأمير، جحا يصطاد السمك
  • learning that First Nations Australian languages change according to connections and relationships between people, and giving examples of how this occurs in Arabic
  • identifying and recording keywords obtained from short spoken texts with some unfamiliar language, such as keywords for some items on a recorded shopping list, ingredients for a recipe, or a phone message, for example,
    غاب الطالب يوم ...رقم الجوال هو ...،  اسم العميل ...
  • sequencing written, spoken or visual information in logical order, such as placing pictures in a sequence of events, numbering jumbled sentences or filling gaps in sentences, for example,
    استقيظ عادل مبكراً، تناول فطوره وذهب إلى المدرسة، بعد ذلك ...، بعد  الظهر عاد عادل إلى البيت  درس دروسه وساعد أمه ولعب قليلاً، في المساء تناول عادل العشاء و فرشى أسنانه ثم ذهب إلى السرير لينام.
  • listening to or viewing short texts such as weather reports or event timetables, deciding what day to invite a friend to go to the park or attend the event, and writing a short invitation message, for example,
    وم السبت سيكون مشمساً، لم  لا نذهب لزيارة حديقة الحيوان
    الطقس رائع يوم الأحد، فلنذهب للعب كرة القدم.
  • listening to, reading and viewing stories in various formats, such as fables, folktales and stories by contemporary Arabic authors, and discussing and responding to questions about characters, culture, settings, themes and events, for example,
    جحا وحماره، لماذا حمل جحا الحمارعلى ظهره؟ حمل جحا الحمار على ظهره لأنه...، ماذا تعلمت من هذه القصة؟
  • obtaining information from various sources and deciding which facts to include in a text about the school or community, such as a labelled school or neighbourhood map, timetable or canteen menu, that would be useful for Arabic-speaking visitors, for example,
    مرحبًا بكم في مدرستنا
    تفتح المدرسة من الساعة الثامنة صباحًا إلى الرابعة بعد الظهر
    يوجد في المدرسة ...

develop strategies to comprehend and adjust Arabic language in familiar contexts to convey cultural meaning

AC9LA4C04

  • identifying some words that change meaning according to the context and Arabic-speaking region, for example, لبن/ حليب، شِعر/ شَعر، جَد/ جِد، طماطم/ بندورة، بطاطس/ بطاطا

  • interpreting signs or phrases in familiar contexts, such as street signs, addresses and food labels, noting that some signs and symbols may be universal, for example, striped pedestrian crossings, do not enter, or symbols for danger يممر المشاة، قف، تحرك، تمهل، محظور، ممنوع التصوير

  • translating short, simple texts from Arabic into English, and vice versa, using cues such as layout, headings and familiar vocabulary to interpret meaning
  • producing a bilingual word list or digital picture dictionary by identifying known Arabic words or expressions and relating them to English equivalents and vice versa, recognising that direct translation is not always possible, for example, نورت البيت،  ما شاء الله،  البقاء لله/ البقية في حياتك، العقل السليم في الجسم السليم، الصديق وقت الضيق

  • selecting vocabulary from print dictionaries or online translators that best conveys the intended meaning when describing and talking about familiar topics such as طويل، قصير، صغير، كبير، جميل، قبيح، واسع، ضيق

  • creating resources (grammar pattern charts, digital picture dictionary, vocabulary mind map with connected words, board game to practice language, etc.), for themselves and the class, to reinforce learning and exposure to language concepts, for example, أكل/ يأكل/كُل، شَربت/ تشرب/اشربي، لعب/ يلعب/العب هو، هي، هما، هنهذ ا، هذه، هذان، هاتان، هؤلاء

  • comparing Arabic expressions used in everyday interactions, such as greetings with equivalent English expressions, and identifying similarities/differences and words/expressions that do not translate easily, for example, مرحبا، صباح الخير/ صباح النور كيف حالك؟ الحمد لله، نشكر الرب، أنا تمام

Creating text in Arabic

create and present informative and imaginative spoken, written and multimodal texts using modelled conventions of letter positions in simple sentences, and formulaic expressions

AC9LA4C05

  • writing full sentences with modelled letter and word positions, initial, medial and final, for example,
    ذهب عادل إلى المدرسة، ليلى تشرب العصير
  • presenting spoken and written information about interests and activities relating to themselves and peers, describing actions, responses and feelings, for example,
    ألعب كرة القدم  بمهارة، أذاكر مع صديقي عادل، أحب ممارسة الجري مع ليلى وعادل
    عندما أمارس الرياضة أشعر بالفرح، بالحزن، بالملل، بالنشاط، بالسعادة
  • creating a class world map and languages profile that identifies Arabic-speaking countries and communities, and all languages represented in the classroom, for example,
    الدارجة تونسي / ليبي / مصري
  • creating simple descriptions in Arabic and matching them to appropriate First Nations Country/Place locations in their local area or elsewhere in Australia
  • creating a class book, visual or digital display relating to a school event or excursion such as going to the zoo or museum, for example,
    رحلة إلى حديقة الحيوان، شاهدنا القرد وهو نائم، شاهدنا الأسد يأكل اللحم، كانت هناك زرافة ذات رقبة طويلة، وفيل  ذات خرطوم طويل
    شاهدنا سلحفاة تمشي ببطئ، وأرنب يجري بسرعة
  • creating print or digital texts to introduce family members and friends, and describing relationships and personal information relating to their cultural backgrounds and experiences, using simple descriptive language and supporting resources, for example,
    هذا أخي سمير وعمره ٢٥ سنة، متزوج ولديه طفل واحد، هذه أختي ليلى، آنسة، تدرس بالجامعة، أما تلك الصورة فهي  لخالتي نورا وصلت من لبنان الأسبوع الماضي لزيارة أمي.
  • role-playing scenes and characters in imaginative texts, using movement and actions to reinforce meaning, and experimenting with voice and gestures to animate characters such as Joha, Aladdin and Sinbad, for example,
    المارد : شبيك لبيك ...
    علاء الدين: من أنت؟
    المارد: ماذا تريد أن أفعل لك لأشكرك لإخراجي من المصباح؟
  • presenting factual information about events, places and topics of possible interest to children of their own age in Arabic-speaking countries, for example, menus, recipes, invitations, instructions, artefacts, brochures or maps
  • modifying texts with their own creative input, for example, substituting words or characters with an animal or Arabic food in a well-known song, procedure or story such as اليرقةُ الجائعةُ جداً باللغة العربية
Understanding systems of language

recognise and use modelled combinations of sounds, pronunciation and intonation patterns of Arabic to form words and phrases

AC9LA4U01

  • understanding that Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes
  • discriminating between the long and short sounds when forming words, for example, كَتَبَ  / كتاب ، سعة  / ساعة، فَرَشَ  / فراشة

  • noticing that vocalisation such as، ــْ   ــَ ، ــُ  ، ــِ may change the meaning of a word depending on where it is placed, for example, كَتَبَ / كُتُب،  شَعَرَ/ شِعْر/ شَعْر

  • developing pronunciation when speaking and reading texts aloud, applying appropriate pauses
  • noticing how differences in intonation and tone are used to adjust meaning in spoken text, and how the purpose of interaction, such as to instruct or invite, changes the emphasis on words and expressions being used, for example, قُل/ كُل الطعام، خبر سار/ صار،  سوس / صوص

  • distinguishing between statements and questions, using intonation and tone, for example, عيد ميلادك اليوم؟، عيد ميلادك اليوم.لديك قلم أحمر؟، لديك قلم أحمر.

  • understanding that colloquial Arabic and Arabic dialects may sound different from spoken Modern Standard Arabic used in the classroom, for example, بحب آكل البَندورة / القوطه، بالفصحى ( أحب ان أكل الطماطم / البندورة).بيؤل / يجول، بالفصحى ( يقول).اشمعنى / ليه / علاش / ليش، بالفصحى ( لماذا؟ )ازيك / إشلونك / كيفك / شاكو ماكو/ كيف داير، بالفصحى ( كيف حالك ).بكام / بقد ايش / شحال، بالفصحى ( بكم ).

  • using prior knowledge of familiar sounds and contexts to predict spelling of new words, for example, predicting how to spell شادي، هادي، وادي having learnt how to spell فادي

recognise some letter positions and language conventions, grammatical structures and basic syntax in familiar texts and contexts

AC9LA4U02

  • recognising that letters change shape depending on their place in the word, for example, حرف الكاف، كتب / مكتب/ سمك حرف العين، عين/ شعر/ مع

  • recognising letter position in words, such as the beginning, middle and end
  • experimenting with Arabic words and vowels to construct and deconstruct syllable blocks, for example, مكـ/تب، غُر/فة، مد/ ر/سة، شَ/ج/ رة، كُر/سي

  • applying basic punctuation marks, including question marks, commas, and full stops
  • counting and writing Arabic numerals 1–100 and telling simple time to the hour, for example, الساعة الواحدة
  • using subject+verb+object word order in simple sentences relating to home and school environments, recognising the use of the definite article and its impact on the meaning of the sentence, for example, إشترى عادل كتابًا وقلمًا ودفتراً، أشترت ليلى الكتاب الورقي والقلم الأحمر والدفتر الذهبيليلى نظفت غرفةً واسعةً وشاهدت فيلماً، ليلى نظفت الغرفة الواسعة وشاهدت الفيلم

  • understanding and applying singular nouns and regular plural noun endings in masculine and feminine forms, for example, معلم/ معلمون/ معلمين، معلمة / معلمات  طالب / طلاب، طالبة / طالبات

  • using singular, second-person and plural-possessive pronouns to describe relationship or ownership, for example, هذا كتابك يا عادل، هذه حقيبتك يا ليلى، أين كتبكم يا طلاب؟، ضعوا أقلامكم على الطاولة، هذا الكتاب له وهذا القلم لها

  • using adjectives in singular and plural forms to describe appearance, feelings and personalities, for example, الفيلة كبيرة الحجم، هي نحيفة الجسم، أبي طويل القامة، الطلاب سعداء بمعلمهم الجديد، الطفلة مرحة، ليلى ودود ة وصبورة.

  • using simple modelled past tense verbs, to talk about past events or activities, for example, حضرت عيد ميلاد صديقي عادل أمس، ذهبت إلى حديقة الحيوان مع المدرسة، نمت مبكراً البارحة، استيقظت مبكراً اليوم

  • beginning to use simple conjunctions such as ،أو هل تحب الكلب او القطة؟، أحب الكلب والقطة و

  • expressing negation in simple sentences, for example, لا أحب مادة العلوم، لا أحب الاستيقاظ مبكرًا

  • using some adverbs of place and time to provide more information, for example, شاهدت المباراة اليوم في الملعب، استيقظت  باكراً ولكن وصلت المدرسة متأخراً،  وضعت  الكتاب  فوق الدفتر

  • using simple prepositions to show direction, time, location, for example, الكتاب على الطاولة، القلم تحت المكتب، الدفتر في الحقيبة،  أنام في الساعة الثامنة، أذهب إلى المدرسة بالحافلة

  • understanding and using simple question words in interactions, for example, هل ذهب إلى الحديقة البارحة ؟، من أين أنت ؟، لماذا تأخرت؟، كيف حالك ؟، ماذا أكلت اليوم؟

recognise familiar Arabic language features and compare with those of English, in known contexts

AC9LA4U03

  • recognising some Arabic consonants do not exist in English and vice versa, and why some Arabic speakers may find it difficult to pronounce the ‘v’ sound and use ‘f’ instead
  • identifying some differences in sentence construction and syntax between Arabic and English, such as nominal and verbal sentences, for example, ‘the apple the red’ التفاحة الحمراء

  • comparing similar texts, such as a children’s story in Arabic and English, and noticing how they are the same or different, for example, themes, writing, front covers, text direction and page order
  • identifying similarities and differences between Arabic and English pronunciation, and adapting learnt spelling strategies from one language to the other
  • finding examples of Arabic words used in English and vice versa, discussing why these words may be used, for example, falafel, hummus, kebab, candy, sofa, موبايل، تليفزيون، كمبيوتر، تليفون
  • recognising some differences, such as shape, letter direction and punctuation, between handwritten and typed Arabic and English fonts
  • comparing the use of formal and informal language in Arabic- and English-speaking contexts such as greetings, titles and etiquette, for example, Mr and Mrs and حضرة السيد/ السيدة،عم، حضرتك، أستاذة
Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

identify connections between Arabic language and cultural practices

AC9LA4U04

  • exploring the meaning of culture and identity, using a diagram to show the visible elements such as ways of celebrating, dress, traditions, symbols, manners, routines and behaviours, and the invisible elements such as  spoken, preferences and values
  • reflecting on how they communicate with family and friends compared with unfamiliar people in the community, noticing differences in word choice, language use and communicative behaviour, for example, عم/ سيد/ أستاذ/ خال ، عادلعمة / سيدة / أستاذة / خالة، ليلى

  • understanding that Arabic as a language has a standard form called اللغة العربية الفصحى, which is mainly used in writing, and can be used as a common language to interact with others across different communities and cultures
  • exploring representations of information used in cultural expressions of First Nations Australians, and making connections with those of Arabic language and culture(s), for example, the different regional words used by First Nations groups to identify themselves such as Zenadth Kes, Koori, Koorie, Noongar and Nunga, and comparing this with Arabic-speaking cultural groups
  • examining aspects of Arabic culture in familiar contexts, for example, identifying language use and behaviours at different celebrations and occasions such as كل عام وأنتم بخير، عيدكم مبارك، عيد فصح مجيد، البقاء لله، إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون، رمضان مبارك، مبارك/ مبروك، عيد ميلاد سعيد

  • reflecting on and explaining to others the significance of some common Arabic cultural practices and expressions, such as offering visitors food and drink, and serving sweets during special occasions, or coffee in times of mourning
  • researching food culture, etiquette and customs in different Arabic-speaking countries and regional foods available in the local community, for example, دولما، ورق عنب
  • comparing the importance of music and traditional dance in different Arabic-speaking communities, as expressions of cultural identity and emotions, for example, الدبكة اللبنانية، الجوبية العراقية، الرقص الشعبي، الرقص الفلكلوري

Years 5-6 Syllabus

Years 5-6 Band Level Description

In Years 5 and 6, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences with language. Students communicate and work in collaboration with peers and teachers in purposeful, creative and structured activities involving listening, speaking, reading, viewing and writing. They interact in Arabic to exchange information and ideas relating to their interests, school and local environment, and engage with Arabic-speaking communities in person or via digital access. Background-language learners and second-language learners may work independently and/or in groups to collaborate and share learning, with support. Students use print and digital resources to extend their learning.

Students engage with a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts that may include authentic stories, posters, notes, invitations and procedures. Background-language learners may share authentic resources from their local community with their peers. Students recognise and use vowel marks to influence the way words are pronounced, with support if required. They understand that some words and expressions are not easily translated, and that communication and identity reflect diverse cultural practices, behaviours and values.

Years 5-6 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 6, students initiate and use strategies to maintain interactions in Arabic language that are related to their immediate environment. They use appropriate sound combinations, intonation and rhythm in spoken texts. They collaborate in spoken and written activities that involve the language of planning and problem-solving to share information, ideas and preferences. They use strategies to locate and interpret information and ideas in texts, and demonstrate understanding by responding in Arabic or English, adjusting their response to context, purpose and audience. They create texts, selecting and using a variety of vocabulary and sentence structures, and conventions of letter position, to suit context. They sequence information and ideas, and use conventions appropriate to text type.

Students apply rules for pronunciation and intonation in spoken Arabic. They apply conventions of spelling and punctuation, and use modelled structures, when creating and responding in Arabic. They compare language structures and features in Arabic and English, using some metalanguage. They show understanding of how some language reflects cultural practices and consider how this is reflected in their own language(s), culture(s) and identity.

Years 5-6 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

initiate and sustain modelled exchanges in familiar contexts related to students’ personal worlds and school environment

AC9LA6C01

  • using appropriate greetings and forms of address when interacting with different people, for example, the use of سيد ماجد، أستاذ هاني، سيدة عبير، خالتي رانيا، حضرتك، عم كريم، خالة سامية with adults, close relatives and strangers
  • exchanging information about everyday experiences and routines, for example, ماذا تفعل بعد المدرسة؟، متى تأكل طعام العشاء؟، أين تلعب/ تمارس الرياضة ؟بعد المدرسة ألعب كرة القدم، في الساعة الثامنة أذهب إلى النوم، وأنت متى تنام؟أقرأ قصة قبل النوم، وانتِ هل تقرئين شيئاً قبل النوم؟

  • talking about friends and family members, including physical appearance, personal characteristics and qualities, for example, أمي امرأة طويلة ورشيقة، تحافظ على صحتها، أبي شخص منتظم في عمله ومسؤول في بيته، صديقي سامي مهذب ولكنه لا يهتم بدراسته ولا بصحته، أصدقائي جميعهم لطفاء ولكنهم لا يأخذون المدرسة بجدية

  • sharing feelings and opinions about leisure and study activities, using different modes of communication such as secure online forums, and giving reasons for choices made, for example, يوم السبت ألعب التنس مع أبي، في العطلة الأسبوعية أذهب مع عائلتي إلى المطعم، أحضر حصة للموسيقى  يوم الجمعة، أشعر بالسعادة في حصة الرسم، أحب العزف على البيانو كثيرًا، أتعلم اللغة العربية يوم السبت صباحًا، أحب الجري لإنه مفيد للجسمالرِّحلة إلى حديقة الحيوان كانت ممتعة،كان الفيلم مملاَ في السينما، ذهبت مع عائلتي إلى وسط المدينة

  • asking for and providing clarification, for example, لم أفهم الدرس، هل ممكن إعادة الشرح ؟  من فضلك، ماذا تقصد؟

  • participating in online exchanges to give advice and share ideas with others about bilingual development and learning strategies, for example, أقترح أن تستخدم اللون الأسود، من الأفضل أن تسأل المعلم، كرر قراءة الدرس، كرر كتابة الكلمة

participate in activities that involve planning and negotiating with others, using language that expresses information, preferences and ideas

AC9LA6C02

  • making collaborative decisions and arrangements, using expressions for numbers, ordering and organising ideas, for example, أولاً، ثانيًا، ثالثًا، أخيرًا نختار فريقين،  نختار الأدوار، أنت الحارس، من سيكون الحكم؟، واحد، اثنان، ثلاثة، ابدأ !

  • engaging in transactions by asking for items such as goods and services, and providing information such as giving prices, for example, بكم هذه ...؟، هل هذا هو السعر الأخير؟، هذا القلم بدولار، سعر التفاح  دولاران، ما سعر ...؟ هل ممكن أن تساعدني، أنا أبحث عن حذاء أسود مقاس ٨ من فضلك

  • contributing ideas to develop class rules and guidelines to foster a bilingual, multicultural classroom environment, for example, إحترم الجميع، حاول أن تتكلم في  اللغة العربية، تحدث بوضوح

  • making suggestions and choices in the allocation of roles and explaining the reasons for such choices, for example, ما رأيك لو...؟، أنا سأكون الطبيب وأنت ستكون المريض، من الأفضل أن أكون أنا حارس المرمى، أنا سأكون حارس المرمى لأنني طويل

  • creating displays, presentations or performances for family, friends or the school community to showcase their progress in learning Arabic مسرحية، في السوق

Mediating meaning in and between languages

locate and process information and ideas in a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, and respond in different ways to suit purpose

AC9LA6C03

  • identifying and classifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing the information with others in a different format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games ،... رأيت إعلاناً في موقع إلكتروني عن ...، شاهدت إعلاناً في الجريدة عن ...، سمعت في الراديو عنسأشارك معك صورة في الجوال للعبة جديدة،   وقائمة بالأفلام التي شاهدتها الشهرالماضي

  • reading texts and extracting key points relating to a range of topics such as social activities for school-aged people in the local community, and discussing information with peers, for example, الشبان يحبون لعب كرة القدم والسباحة، الشابات يحبون الرسم وممارسة الرياضةفي الصيف يفضل  المراهقون الذهاب  إلى الشاطئ وممارسة الأنشطة البحرية

  • listening to, reading and viewing a variety of texts to collect and organise information about an Arabic cultural event or celebration in a digital display for the class or school community, for example, الأعياد الدينية، الأعياد الوطنية، أفلام عن الأعياد الدينية والوطنية

  • listening to, or viewing First Nations Australian authors’ stories in English and responding to them using words, formulaic expressions and modelled sentences in Arabic
  • watching different types of imaginative texts such as puppet shows, stories and films, and then interviewing classmates about the characters, events, sets and costumes, using modelled language to express ideas and reactions, for example, هل أحببت هذه القصة؟ نعم إنها قصة جميلة.قصة علاء الدين خرافية، هذه القصة طويلة، أحب هذه القصة، قصة مصباح علاء الدين غير واقعية ولكنها مثيرة، قصة الحمامة والنملة جميلة، سندباد شجاع وعلاء الدين ذكي، لون السمكة الصغيرة أحمر ولون الكبيرة أصفر هذه الشخصية مضحكة

  • discussing key messages in imaginative texts, such as the moral of a fable, an idea or value in a song, or the qualities or behaviour of a character, for example, ما مغزى هذه القصة؟ ماذا نتعلم من هذه الأغنية؟

  • obtaining and using information from print, digital and multimodal texts for a procedural task such as a simple science experiment, recipe or dance, for example, وصفة   ( التبولة، المكونات، طريقة التحضير، أولًا  إغسل البقدونس، ثانيًا ضع ... )

  • using a map and a set of directions around the school or local area to find clues to achieve a goal or arrive at a final destination, for example, تقدم إلى الأمام، تحرك إلى اليسار، امشِ في الإتجاه المعاكس

  • listening to, reading and viewing different types of texts about a common topic and comparing features and language, for example, examining a television commercial and online print advertisement for a new game or application and highlighting how the different features of each text combine to make similar meaning

apply strategies to interpret and convey meaning in Arabic language in familiar non-verbal, spoken and written cultural contexts

AC9LA6C04

  • interpreting Arabic expressions in familiar texts such as greeting cards, menus and stories, and considering how these expressions reflect aspects of Arabic language and culture
  • creating Arabic versions of school signs, notices and class rules, considering why some words and expressions such as ‘the oval’, ‘the office’, ‘the canteen’, ‘out of bounds’, ‘no hat, no play’, require flexibility in translation, for example, الملعب، مكتب الإدارة، المقصف (دكان/ كافيتيريا المدرسة)، ممنوع اللعب في هذه المنطقة، اللعب غير مسموح بدون قبعة

  • creating a word bank or vocabulary list with Arabic words, making connections between the degree of formality of a situation and the form of Arabic that must be used
  • understanding and discussing why different forms of Arabic are used depending on the context of communication, such as the use of Modern Standard Arabic when communicating with people with different dialects or with the teacher in the classroom, compared with the use of Arabic dialect at home, in the community, overseas or with friends, for example, بُص/شُوف/اطلع، في الفصحى (انظر إلى)استنى/ لحظة / وَأف/ أٌنطُور ( انتظر)

  • reflecting on instances when moving between Arabic- and English-speaking contexts has felt easy, awkward, or challenging and explaining why this might be the case, for example, translating to relatives what the teacher is saying, helping a community member who cannot speak English reach a destination
  • understanding that many words in Arabic are borrowed from indigenous languages of the Arabic-speaking world, such as Aramaic Sifr (zero), mamlaka (Kingdom) and Phoenician Tannin (dragon) and Berber tajma (gathering), and regional languages such as Persian, bazaar (market), Turkish baklava (baklawa) and Kurdish chay (tea).

  • learning responsible use of bilingual dictionaries and electronic/online translation tools, recognising the limitations of such technology and problems associated with translation and equivalence
  • exploring words or expressions commonly used in informal interactions in the Australian context, and interpreting or explaining them for young Arabic speakers, for example, ‘mate’ or ‘no worries’
  • translating texts such as public signs, advertisements and food packaging from Arabic into English and vice versa, for example, ‘please recycle,’ ‘do not walk on the grass’ ‘buy one, get one free’ الكلاب ممنوعة، ممنوع الوقوف، المشي على العشب ممنوع، يرجى إعادة التدوير

  • exploring the meaning of famous names of people and places and reflecting on their origin and naming conventions such as ما معنى؟ ما أصل هذه الكلمة؟ ما معنى إسم سمر/ سعيد/ مريمهل تعرف معنى اسمك؟العراق، قطر، لبنان، مصر، المغرب، البحرين

  • recognising changes made when interacting in an Australian-English context, for example, using different forms of address, expressions or different ways of showing politeness, and discussing why these adjustments are appropriate
Creating text in Arabic

create and present a range of informative and imaginative spoken, written and multimodal texts using conventions of letter position, in a variety of modelled sentence structures to sequence information and ideas appropriate to text

AC9LA6C05

  • presenting information or ideas in multimodal texts for a particular audience, such as an interactive display in the school to give students information about the importance and the benefits of learning Arabic, or a newsletter about a sports carnival or school event
  • conveying information relating to significant people, places or events in Arabic-speaking communities, such as a poster for an occasion, a profile of a famous Arabic-speaking actor or a digital guide to a place of interest
  • preparing and giving simple spoken or written presentations about aspects of their personal worlds such as a milestones timeline, personal achievements or family celebrations, for example, أنا سامي، أبي من لبنان، وأمي من العراق، أنا ولدت هنا في أستراليا  في شهر إبريل/نيسان، عمري الآن ١١ عاماً، أحب السفر ولعب كرة القدم عندما كنت في الصف الأول كنت قصيرًا، لكن أنا طويلٌ الآن وتغير شكلي كثيراً

  • creating a class print or digital poster, locating and describing, in Arabic, a specific First Nations Country/Place location in a local or regional context, or elsewhere in Australia
  • making bilingual texts for non-Arabic speakers wanting to visit an Arabic-speaking country, to assist with travel and communication, such as word lists, common phrases, maps, menus, allergy cards, for example, انا عندي حساسية من الفول السوداني/ المكسرات، هل هذا الطعام يحتوي على مشتقات البيض؟

  • collecting and presenting key ideas relating to lifestyle trends in the local community, using graphic organisers to show priorities in lists or tables, Venn diagrams to compare statistics or ideas, or graphs to highlight frequency, for example, الرياضة مهمة للصحة، المأكولات السريعة مضرة، المشروبات السكرية تسبب السمنةالطعام الصحي مقابل   الطعام غير الصحي ، شرب الماء مقابل المشروبات الغازية

  • creating own imaginative texts based on characters, settings and events in familiar stories for own and others’ enjoyment and interest علاء الدين يطير على سجادته إلى أستراليا، جحا وحماره ، الثعلب المكار

  • creating works, individually or collaboratively, experimenting with rhyme, rhythm, voices and actions to convey different moods and feelings, for example, poetry including acrostic poetry or raps,  songs or new lyrics for known songs, and short plays or new  dialogue for known plays
  • creating individual language and cultural profiles, explaining which language(s) or dialect(s) are spoken at home, with extended family or in social and community contexts
  • constructing a multimodal profile or brochure of the local community for tourists or new Arabic-speaking residents, collecting and using information from public and community texts such as flyers, newsletters and advertisements that detail opening times of facilities, attractions, local history and events, and food outlets, for example, مكتب حجز الرحلات البحرية يفتح الساعة الثامنة صباحًا، أما سوق الهدايا التذكارية فيفتح الساعة السابعة صباحًاالمطاعم في لبنان تغلق بعد منتصف الليل

  • creating and performing texts to entertain others which incorporate elements such as dance, mime, singing and narration and reference values and traditions associated with Arabic communities
  • creating digital profiles of characters they enjoy in different stories, plays or poems, providing physical and character descriptions, and examples of the ways they speak and behave
Understanding systems of language

apply knowledge of combinations of sounds, syllables, pronunciation and intonation patterns to develop fluency and rhythm to known words and phrases

AC9LA6U01

  • understanding that vowel marks, tashkeel or harakat, influence the meaning and the way words are pronounced, for example, أحب كتابة الشِعر، سارة تفضل  الشعرَ الطويل، شَعرتُ بالجوع والعطش جَدّي، جَدي،  جَمال، جِمال، دَرَسَ، دَرَّسَ

  • discriminating between the use of the letters alif (ا), waaw (و) and yih (ي) as either consonants or long vowels المدود  in words, for example, سال – سأل، سير – سَيْر، بَيْروت - رَوَت

  • applying pronunciation and intonation rules when speaking and reading aloud, for example, تسكين الحرف الأخير عند التوقف عن القراءة، إظهار الشدة والتنوين، إظهار اللام الشمسية وإخفاء اللام القمرية إظهار الجر، استخدام أداة النداء

  • recognising the different ways of pronouncing the long vowel ا,ى for example, ،فتى متى، لدى، لذا، ندى، ندا and writing the long vowel ء, for example, قراءة، مسؤول ، شيء
  • applying prior phonic knowledge to predict spelling of unfamiliar words, for example, بُر/ تُ / قا / لي، بَ / نف / سِجي

use knowledge of modelled grammatical structures and formulaic expressions to compose and respond to texts using appropriate punctuation and textual conventions

AC9LA6U02

  • using common past tense verbs to describe past actions and events, for example, كتبت نص اللغة العربية في الدفتر، حضرت عيد ميلاد صديقي سامي، ذهبت إلى المدرسة متأخرًا

  • applying present tense verb conjugation, for example, أحترم معلمي وأصدقائي في المدرسة، أساعد أمي في تنظيف البيت، أذهب مع أخي إلى النادي للعب الكرة

  • using the imperative form of verbs to give commands and instructions in a variety of contexts, for example, تعالوا نلعب سوياً في ملعب المدرسة، قولوا نحن نحب أستراليا، كرروا هذه الكلمة بصوت واحد

  • reading and writing numerals, cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers from 1–10 and expressing simple time with hours and minutes, for example, الساعة الرابعة، عشر تفاحات في الصحن، الواحدة و عشر دقائق

  • understanding and applying gender and number agreement between nouns and adjectives, for example, كتاب واحد رخيص، ثلاثة كتب رخيصة، عشرة كتب غالية، طاولة واحدة ثقيلة، أربع طاولات قديمة، تسع طاولات كبيرة

  • using regular adjectives to describe number, shape and colour, for example, شكل دائري/ مربع / مستطيل / مثلث فزت بالمرتبة الأولى/ الثانية في المسابقة

  • describing a relationship, using a possessive pronoun for singular third person, for example, سامي يحب أبي كثيرًا، ليلى تذهب مع أمها إلى السوق كل أسبوع

  • using a range of prepositions to provide information about location, place and direction, for example, المكتبة بجانب الحديقة، المدرسة قريبة من مركز التسوق

  • using adverbs of time, frequency and place to provide further detail, for example, مشيت مسرعًا إلى المدرسة، ذهبت إلى المدرسة متأخرًا، أمارس الرياضة يوميّاً، جلست القطة تحت المقعد

  • building compound sentences with one or more ideas to express opinions, preferences or reasons, for example, كتابي المفضل هو ...،  أحب قصة علاء الدين لأنها مشوقة/ خيالية / مسلية

  • using some linking words and devices in sentences, for example, و، أو، لكن

  • exploring different representations of Arabic script in typed and handwritten fonts, and practising how to type in Arabic using secure digital tools and keyboards

compare some Arabic language structures and features with those of English, using some familiar metalanguage

AC9LA6U03

  • comparing the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts in English and Arabic, for example, advertisements, poems, plays and video clips, and noting similarities and differences between themes, language structures and features قصة خيالية، أغنية، شعر، مقطع فيديو قصير

  • expanding their understanding and use of metalanguage to discuss parts of speech, different sentence types, syntax and punctuation in Arabic and/or English, for example, adverbs, conjunctions, verbal sentences, verb+subject+object, الجملة الإسمية ( البيت كبير) ، الجملة الفعلية ( أستيقظ مبكرًا) يوم جميل/ كتاب مسلي، أذهب مبكراً إلى المدرسة، في بيتي حديقة كبيرة

  • compiling a graphic organiser, poster, mind map or Venn diagram to illustrate differences in Arabic and English grammar and textual conventions, for example, different word order, sentence structures, counting system, script, writing direction, punctuation
  • comparing the significance and cultural importance of the structures and features of different types of texts in Arabic and English, in salutations, greetings and conveying respect, for example, Dear … or To … عزيزي أستاذ عادل، سعادة مدير المدرسة، تحية طيبة وبعد،  مع خالص تحياتي

  • comparing the use of words of Arabic origin in English texts and interactions and vice versa, discussing reasons why languages borrow words from each other, for example, cotton, algebra, guitar, computer قطن، جيتار، الجبر، كمبيوتر

  • noticing differences between different types of texts in Arabic and English, for example, comparing a spoken recount of a well-known fable with the written text, a text message with a phone call, an email with a letter
Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

recognise that language reflects cultural practices, values and identity, and that this impacts on non-verbal, spoken and written communication

AC9LA6U04

  • identifying cultural customs and practices that may reflect collective identities of individuals from different Arabic-speaking nations and regions, for example, ٢٦ دولة  اللغة العربية هي لغتها الرسمية، هناك لغات تكتب بحروف اللغة العربية كالأردية والكردية العرب يشتهرون بالكرم، والشجاعة، والصبر

  • developing awareness of cultural stereotypes that can lead to generalisations and misconceptions such as associating the Arabic language with the nationality or religion of peoples, for example, ليس كل شخص عربي يتحدث اللغة العربية، العرب وراء إنشاء العديد من العلوم كالجبر والطيران والطب، العرب لديهم ديانات مختلفة وليسوا جميعاً مسلمين، ملابس العرب مختلفة، البلاد العربية ليست كلها صحراء

  • discussing the ways in which they communicate with Arabic speakers such as making appropriate eye contact, allowing for personal space, and respecting older people, parents and teachers, and making comparisons with the ways in which they communicate with English speakers, for example, حضرتك، أستاذ، أستاذة، عم، عمة، سيد، سيدة، خالة المشي خلف كبار السن، عدم وضع الرجل فوق الرجل أمام المعلم وكبار السنعدم مقاطعة المتحدث

  • exploring, in Arabic or English, how language and culture are expressed through First Nations Australians’ song, dance or artworks, considering similarities and differences in an aspect of the cultural expressions of Arabic-speaking people or communities
  • discussing how their own cultural and linguistic background influences who they are, how they think about things and how they interact and behave in different contexts
  • noticing similarities and differences between personal ways of communicating and interacting compared with others in different contexts and situations, for example, expressions of politeness or turn-taking in conversations, and reflecting on the influence of culture and personal values on language use
  • reflecting on culturally appropriate ways of offering congratulations, recognition, gratitude and encouragement, or politely declining requests or invitations, for example, الحمد  لله على السلامة، ترجع بالسلامة، ألف مبروك، عيد سعيد، عقبى لك، عام سعيد

  • identifying and comparing words and expressions, in Arabic and English, that cannot be readily translated or explained and reflect embedded cultural meanings, for example, نعيماً after a shower or haircut, على راسي  when someone asks you for a favour
  • explaining modifications made when moving between Arabic- and English-speaking contexts, for example, adjusting the way they communicate using لو سمحت، من فضلك، أرجوك or how they use different introductions depending on the audience, such as to introduce friends to their parents بالإذن يا أبي، هذا سليم صديقي من المدرسة and to introduce friends to each other أعرفك على ماهر، صديقنا الجديد
  • appreciating that Arabic-speaking communities are made up of diverse cultural and linguistic groups that may have different beliefs, religions, customs, diets, dress, values and experiences, for example, في المغرب العربي توزيع الطعام على الفقراء في اوقات الحزن، عادات الاحتفال (بالزواج/ تكريم الضيف/ الأعياد)، اللباس التقليدي

Year 7-8 Syllabus

Years 7-8 Band Level Description

In Years 7 and 8, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences. Students use Arabic language, in person or via digital access within and beyond the classroom. Background-language learners and second-language learners may interact and collaborate in different ways within and beyond the classroom to facilitate learning. Students listen, speak, read, view and write to exchange information, ideas and opinions about their worlds. They work increasingly independently, individually and in groups, and continue to receive feedback and support from peers and teachers as required.

Students access a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts from an increasing range of authentic traditional and contemporary sources which may include audio and video clips, online magazines, advertisements, stories and articles. Background-language learners may source texts and other resources from their local community to share with peers. Students use their English and/or Arabic literacy knowledge of metalanguage in an increasing range of contexts to reflect on similarities and differences between Arabic and English language structures and features. They understand and use the conventions of Arabic punctuation and spacing. They recognise that language choices reflect cultural identity, beliefs and values.

Years 7-8 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 8, students initiate and maintain interactions in Arabic language in familiar and some unfamiliar contexts related to a range of interests and experiences. They use Arabic to collaborate and problem-solve, and adjust language in response to others. They interpret information, ideas and opinions in texts. They demonstrate understanding of similarities and differences between languages, in both familiar and some unfamiliar cultural contexts, by adjusting and reorganising responses. They select and use vocabulary, sentence structures, and expressions to create texts.

Students apply the conventions of spoken Arabic to develop fluency. They demonstrate understanding that spoken, written and multimodal texts use different language conventions, structures and features to convey meaning. They comment on structures and features of Arabic text, using metalanguage. They reflect on how the Arabic language, culture and identity are interconnected, and compare this with their own language(s), culture(s) and identity.

Years 7-8 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

initiate and sustain exchanges in familiar and some unfamiliar contexts related to students’ experiences, feelings and views, adjusting their language in response to others

AC9LA8C01

  • initiating and sustaining face-to-face, written or online conversations with others to discuss experiences and offer opinions on mutually-interesting topics such as family, friends, education, interests, travel, sport, games, music, for example, أرى أن مشاهدة مباريات كرة القدم غير مفيدة و  تضيع الوقت، أنا لا أوافقك الرأي، بالعكس أرى أنها ممتعة شرط أن تشاهدها باعتدال.

  • using communication strategies and expressions such as apologising, inviting and praising, and interjections with body language to fill pauses and show understanding and interest when interacting in social situations, for example, عفوًا أعتذر منك، نعم أوافقك الرأي، رأيك صواب، بالتأكيد،

  • exchanging accounts of significant events such as a recent celebration, expressing views about food, activities and entertainment, for example, كانت حفلة عيد ميلاد رائعة لن أنساها في حياتي، لقد حققت نجاحاَ باهراَ

  • supporting debate with point of view, justification and examples, and evaluative language, and acknowledging others’ arguments or challenging their views in a courteous manner, for example, أحترم رأيك وقرارك ولكن أعتقد أنه من الأفضل أن ...

  • using descriptive and expressive language to encourage feedback and to express empathy, indicate agreement or disagreement and alternative opinions, for example, آسف،هذا خبر محزن، ولكن بكل صراحة، أنا أعارض هذا القرار

  • comparing aspects of their personal worlds such as home, school and social lives, including their use of different languages and involvement in different cultural practices, for example, أستيقظ  كلّ يوم باكراً، أحضر نفسي للذهاب إلى المدرسة مع أخي وأختي، نأخذ الحافلة في تمام الساعة السابعة، بعد المدرسة ألعب كرة السلّة في  نحتفل بعيد الأضحى مع العائلة أما أنت  فتحتفل مع العائلة بعيد الميلاد المجيد

  • sharing hopes and feelings, such as for the upcoming weekend or holidays, describing personal plans and ideas, and responding to others’ experiences, for example, أنا سعيدة جداَ لأنني سأسافر إلى بلدي الأم في العطلة الصيفيةأتمنى أن ألتقي بجدتي يوم السبت القادم

  • using and adjusting appropriate non-verbal and spoken language for social situations, relationships and context, for example, using the polite plural form when speaking to people who are older or unfamiliar, requesting favours or politely declining, for example, هل بإمكاني أن أطلب منك خدمة، أنا آسف لا أستطيع الحضور يوم السبت القادم إلى المهرجان

  • initiating secure online written exchanges such as writing to a student in an Arabic-speaking country and requesting information about their country, for example, أريد أن أحصل على معلومات إضافية عن بلدك الأم لبنان، بكل سرور

  • reflecting on the experience of communicating in Arabic at school, at home or in the community, and comparing their bilingual development and language preferences, أجد من السهل التحدث باللغة الانجليزية مع أصدقائي، والتحدث بالعربية مع أهلي في البيت.

collaborate in activities that involve the language of transaction, negotiation and problem-solving to plan projects and events

AC9LA8C02

  • expressing preferences for plans, comparing and contrasting alternatives, and negotiating solutions, for example, ماذا لو نذهب إلى السينما يوم السبت مساءًا، فكرة رائعة ولكن السينما عادة تكون مزدحمة يوم السبت، ما رأيك أن نذهب يوم الأحد؟ جيد اتفقنا

  • responding to invitations in print, digital or online formats by accepting or declining, and providing reasons for non-attendance, for example, شكرًا جزيلًا على الدعوة، بالتأكيد سأحضر الحفل/ آسف لن أستطيع حضور الحفل  ،عندي موعد مع الطبيب.عذراً لا يمكنني الذهاب معكم إلى البولينغ، فأنا  مدعوّ إلى حفل زواج ابن خالتي.

  • discussing and planning an ideal trip to an Arabic-speaking country or Australian landmark, justifying decisions and documenting information about tourist attractions, itineraries, guide maps and activities, for example لقد اخترنا الإوبرا هاوس في مدينة سيدني لأن هذا المكان مشهور عالمياً، فهو مميز بموقعه الجميل، وشكله الرائع، بالاضافة إلى أنه بيت للفن.لم لا نزورالأردن؟ إنه بلد عربي مميز بتاريخه هناك أماكن جميلة للزيارة مثل وادي موسى ،البتراء البحر الأحمر، وادي الهيدان، جبل القلعة.

  • collaborating with others to arrange a day out or a birthday party, negotiating and arriving at shared decisions such as how much to spend on presents, what to bring, an itinerary for a day out, for example, نريد أن ننظم حفل عيد ميلاد لمعلمة الفصل/ الصف سنحتاج  خمسة دولارات من كل طالب لشراء هدية وقالب حلوى

  • assisting others to resolve real or hypothetical problems and giving advice or providing assistance such as fund raising or visiting a community group, soup kitchen or nursing home, for example, أريد رأيك، عندي مباراة كرة قدم يوم الأحد مساءًا، ولدي اختبار يوم الأثنين، ماذا أفعل؟ أنصحك أن تذاكر للاختبار.

  • planning an advertising campaign to improve outcomes and wellbeing for young people, such as encouraging reading, exercising, taking up a hobby, improving technology literacy or promoting the importance of language learning, for example, العقل السليم في الجسم السليم، اضحك تضحك لك الدنيا، تخسر لغتك تخسر هويتك

  • creating collaborative resources to assist others, such as deciding on a set of helpful hints for new students or students starting school, travelling to an Arabic-speaking country for the first time, or teaching a skill step-by-step, for example, يجبُ أن نضيف خريطة للمدرسة، فلنتحدث عن  برنامج السفر.

Mediating meaning in and between languages

interpret information, ideas and opinions in a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, and respond appropriately to cultural context, purpose and audience

AC9LA8C03

  • summarising the main ideas of spoken and written texts, highlighting keywords and cultural references that may contribute to the overall meaning
  • using concept maps, charts, and tables to organise, analyse and summarise information from texts such as television programs, reports and documentaries, and comparing how ideas are conveyed in different texts
  • applying knowledge of simple textual structures, features and their purpose to predict the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and respond appropriately, for example, فيلم، برنامج إخباري، بريد إلكتروني، بحث علمي، محادثة مع الأصدقاء

  • listening to, reading or viewing First Nations Australian authors’ stories in English and responding to them in spoken or written Arabic
  • exchanging videos, slideshows or secure blogs with school students in Arabic-speaking countries, comparing aspects of their community and culture such as school, local landmarks, festivals and traditions, and presenting the information in new ways
  • comparing the use of some simple language devices such as imagery, moral or onomatopoeia in familiar imaginative texts, and discussing how these features are used to convey meaning and entertain an audience
  • stating and explaining personal preferences and opinions about characters, themes, ideas and events in texts, using expressions such as تعجبني شخصية علاء الدين كثيرًا، فهو شخصية فكاهية ومرحة، كما أنه يحب الفقراء ويساعدهم كثيرًا، لكنني لا أحب شخصية جعفر لإنه طماع وشرير

  • conveying information obtained from texts such as notices and newspaper announcements in new ways, to inform others about an issue of interest or an upcoming event, for example, إعلان هام، تحتفل الجالية العربية بعيد الأم في الحديقة العامة يوم السبت القادم.

  • conducting surveys or interviews with others, on familiar topics such as hobbies, studies, social media and opinions about issues, and presenting information in various formats such as graphs, diagrams and reports, for example, خمسون في المئة يوافقون على استخدام وسائل التواصل الإجتماعي وعشرة في المئة لا يوافقون.

  • obtaining others’ thoughts and opinions regarding topics such as school uniform, rules or use of technology, and using facts, figures and quotes to write a persuasive text such as a formal email to the principal suggesting changes, for example, يجب أن نبدأ المدرسة في الساعة ٩:٣٠ صباحًا، أعتقد أن استعمال الحاسوب في الصف مضيعة لوقت التلميذ، يجب أن يسمح إستعمال الموبايل في المدرسة

interpret and adjust non-verbal, spoken and written language to convey meaning in Arabic language in familiar and some unfamiliar cultural contexts

AC9LA8C04

  • translating and interpreting texts from Arabic into English, and vice versa, using print dictionaries and online dictionaries/translators, to assist with unknown words or expressions, reflecting on the challenges associated with transferring meaning from one language to another
  • comparing own and others’ translations of the same text, commenting on differences and similarities between versions and considering possible reasons for these
  • listening to some examples of informal spoken language that may have deviations from ‘correct’ grammar, including changes in word order and omissions of words, and transcribing into Arabic
  • identifying culturally specific vocabulary, for example, عفواَ، سلامتك and expressions such as شكرالرب السلامة، على لله الحمد مبروك ألف , and discussing the translation process and use of words that best reflect meaning, equivalence and contextual appropriateness
  • recognising the use of different communication techniques such as facial expressions, gestures and body language in different contexts, for example, respectful, devotional or colloquial forms of expression
  • creating informative responses to cultural representations of Arabic-speaking communities in Australia, such as The Arabic Film Festival, community festivals or artists’ exhibitions, explaining particular language or images in terms of cultural associations
  • explaining linguistic variation in texts according to their intended audience and degree of formality, for example, changing from Modern Standard Arabic to informal Arabic or dialect Arabic to indicate changes in relationship between participants or degrees of formality عمي، خالي، حضرتك
  • identifying and translating words and expressions that reflect cultural values or history, such as in popular Arabic proverbs, poems or short extracts from traditional fables and legends, and considering how to adapt or adjust language to convey equivalent meanings in English, for example, لا تؤجل عمل اليوم إلى الغد، من جدّ من وجد ومن زرع حصد ، لا تؤجل عمل اليوم للغد

Creating text in Arabic

create and present spoken, written and multimodal, informative and imaginative texts for specific purposes, selecting vocabulary, expressions, grammatical structures, features and conventions appropriate to text type and context

AC9LA8C05

  • organising information and presenting it to an Arabic-speaking audience, for example, creating a visual presentation comparing cultural aspects of life at school and at home for an audience of school-aged Arabic speakers or a video recording of a cooking demonstration for their classmates, for example, قالب الحلوى، أولاً: سوف نعرض عليكم طريقة صنع

  • producing texts about Arabic community events in print or multimedia formats, such as an advertisement to promote a concert or festival or a flyer for an interview with an Arabic-speaking guest on a community radio station, for example, تعال إلى الحفلة الموسيقية، ستكون ممتعة لجميع أفراد العائلة

  • writing and performing a play, cultural demonstration, skit or song for a school or community concert or assembly, using Arabic for the performance and English for supporting explanations, subtitles and commentary, for example, the first day at a new school, participating in a festival, appearing on a reality television show
  • creating a print or digital poster in Arabic to promote travel to a significant cultural location on a First Nations Country/Place, including what to see and do
  • reporting on and comparing own and others’ experiences of events and activities such as a school camp, for example, بالنسبة لي، الرحلة كانت ممتعة بينما غالبية تلاميذ الصف شعروا بالملل، بالرّغم من الساعات الطويلة التي قضيناها في الطريق، إلا أنني لم أشعر بالتعب لكنّ أصدقائي كانوا متعبين جداً

  • creating modified versions of traditional Arabic stories and films, such as علاء الدين والمصباح السّحري, by introducing new characters or scenes or alternative endings
  • creating a short film about social interactions among different speakers of Arabic, explaining cultural elements that may vary in different parts of the Arabic-speaking world and which may be unfamiliar to viewers, for example, التحية والسلام، العناق، القبلات، التعبيرات عند اللقاء (كيف حالك؟ ازيك؟ ايش لونك؟ كيفك؟ شاكو ماكو)، اختلاف طريقة السلام بين الجنسين.

  • animating their own imaginative fables, picture books, stories or cartoons in Arabic with morals and values to present to younger audiences, using language devices and themes to engage and excite, for example, شعرها أسود كالليلالكلب قال: وووووضميري يعذبني

  • composing bilingual menus, recipes or programs for Arabic-themed events, with key information in Arabic and explanatory footnotes or glossaries in English, for class parties, cooking sessions, cultural celebrations, for example, steps to make فلافل، كشري، كبسة، مقلوبة
  • using digital tools to create a slideshow with an audio track about a planned trip to an Arabic-speaking country, including famous places to visit, cultural events to attend and foods to eat, for example, مهرجان الأرز في لبنان، زيارة إلى قلعة بعلبك، مهرجان جرش في الأردن

Understanding systems of language

apply knowledge of conventions of spoken Arabic to enhance fluency, and to respond to and create texts in familiar and some unfamiliar contexts

AC9LA8U01

  • distinguishing the sounds of Arabic letters that use dots such as ب، ت، ث or ج، ح، خ، د، ذ، ر، ز، ص، ض  , to increase clarity of pronunciation and fluency
  • recognising features of the Arabic sound system, discriminating use of tones, rhythm and sound flow, using grammatical knowledge such as roots and إضافة to help predict the meaning of new words
  • experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to enhance a performance by conveying the intended sentiment and meaning of songs and rhymes
  • using prior knowledge of the Arabic sound system to predict spelling of new and unfamiliar words or transcribing spoken texts such as poems or dialogues
  • estimating the sound and meaning of words based on their understanding of the root system and linking them in an organised pattern, for example, دَرَسَ/مَدرسة
  • listening to short interactions with unfamiliar voices, different speed, pace and clarity to develop auditory and comprehension skills, including discriminating between the range of vowel and consonant combinations such as التنوين و الشدة والمد , for example, / قرأت كتاباً شيقاً أمل / آمال، دعوة/ دعوى

apply understanding of grammatical structures and expressions to compose and respond to texts

AC9LA8U02

  • applying punctuation in texts such as spacing rules, commas, full stops, colons, hyphen
  • using plural form of personal pronoun, possessive pronouns and nouns in both masculine and feminine forms, for example, هم طلابكم، رأيت إخواتكم في المدرسة

  • understanding plural subject pronouns أنتنّ، نحن، هم، هنّ، أنتم, plural verb conjugations نحن نعمل، أنتم تدرسون أنتن تلعبن and noun plurals such as masculine sound plural nouns, هم مصريون broken plurals, هذه بُيوت and feminine plurals هنّ مدرّسات
  • understanding the rules of prepositions with definite and indefinite nouns, for example, في البيتِ، على شجرةٍ

  • using سوف in addition to the present tense to express future plans, for example, سوف أدخل إلى الجامعة بعد الثانوية العامة، سوف أشتري سيّارة بعد الامتحانات

  • using interrogative words and expressions such as لمَ، هل, to ask questions and make requests, for example, لمَ تأخّرت اليوم و عندك امتحان؟ هل فهمت ما قلته لك؟ رجاءًا، أحضر البحث غداً لأنك لم تقدمه أمس، من فضلك هل تستطيع أن تقول لي كيف أذهب إلى البنك؟

  • expanding their knowledge of noun-adjective agreement, for example, معلمون ملتزمون، مدرّسات  ملتزمات

  • using comparative and superlative adjectives to compare 2 or more nouns, for example, هذا الملعب أكبر من الملعب القديم، إن مدرستنا فيها أدوات حديثة أكثر من المدارس الأخرى، بيتنا هو الأجدّ في المنطقة، سيارة أبي أقدم سيارة رأيتها في حياتيهو الولد الأصغر في العائلة

  • using a variety of adverbs of time, place, frequency and manner, for example, إِطْلاقَا، أحياناَ، أبداَ، غالباَ، نادراَ ما

  • using conjunctions بينما to make comparisons between people or actions and to link sentences, for example, ،كذلك كامل صديق ودود بينما مازن شخص غيّور،  أمل تلعب التنس بينما علياء تسبح بمهارة،  لكن

  • expanding their understanding of ordinal numbers to count hours, minutes and seconds, for example, am – صباحاَ  pm – مساءاَ الساعة الخامسة وعشر دقائق وعشرون ثانية مساءً

  • using the ordinal and cardinal numbers from 3 to 10 with gender-noun agreement خمسة أقلام، خمس ساعات ، ثلاث طالبات، ثلاثة طلاب

  • representing Arabic script digitally in texts, using an Arabic keyboard or tools

reflect on similarities and differences between Arabic and English language structures and features, using metalanguage

AC9LA8U03

  • examining how the structures and features of a variety of informative Arabic and English texts, including online and digital texts, such as reports and articles, reflect their intended purpose and how the choice of vocabulary reflects ideas and perspectives
  • continuing to build metalanguage in Arabic and English to discuss and describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • comparing Arabic and English sentence structure, word order and different types of sentences such as nominal and verbal sentences and highlighting particular parts of speech to demonstrate understanding
  • comparing Arabic and English text types such as horoscopes, prayers or weather forecasts, explaining the choice of particular language, devices and text organisation
  • teaching younger students or Arabic learners about some key differences between Arabic and English language, using a variety of terms and support resources such as flash cards, diagrams, charts or tables
  • reflecting on the use of new colloquial or abbreviated Arabic language in technology and social media, and the use of words borrowed from English in Arabic such as الفيس بوك، التويتر
  • analysing how texts in both Arabic and English create specific effects by using particular aspects of language such as superlative adjectives and imperative verb forms, in advertisements designed to persuade customers
  • understanding the role and the difference between Arabic and English prepositions and cohesive devices, for example, I’m on the bus, أنا في الحافلة , I ate an apple, a lemon and a carrot, أكلت التفاح والليمون والجزر on Sunday يوم الأحد
Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

reflect on and explain how identity is shaped by language(s), culture(s), attitudes, beliefs and values

AC9LA8U04

  • recognising that Arabic language, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs are deeply interrelated, such as the use of Arabic in religion, ancient texts, ceremonies and sacred duties, for example, العبادات والصلوات في الاحتفالات الدينية باللغة العربية

  • discussing cultural cues in communication that suggest differences in culture, traditions, ideas or values, for example, التّحية المتكرّرة مثلاً: كيف حالك وكيف العائلة؟ التّعابير الدينية مثل: إن شاء الله، إن شاء الرّب وعشنا عبارات المجاملة التي تقال في المناسبات: ألف مبروك، عقبال المئة سنة/عام، بالأفراح، زواج مبارك.

  • exploring the importance of music and traditional dance in some Arabic cultures as an expression of identity and comparing with the music and dance of other cultural groups, for example, الدبكة والرقص الفلكلوري، العود، الكمان ،الطبل، الناي / المجوز

  • examining, in Arabic or English, how First Nations Australians’ languages have strong connections to Country/Place, and how these can be compared with language variation across Arabic-speaking countries and regions
  • reflecting on the influence of Arabic culture on their own communication style, for example, using gestures, words or expressions with particular cultural significance in Arabic such as kissing your own right hand, then raising your eyes and your right hand to express thanks, and discussing whether they modify their communication style when interacting in English
  • comparing choices of language and behaviours when communicating in Arabic and English, explaining the modifications they make and why, for example, when addressing older people using titles such as Mr or Miss, أستاذ، أستاذه، حضرتك، سيد، سيدة، خال، خالة
  • researching and reporting on the influence of Arabic language and culture in local and broader Australian communities, food and entertainment industries, media and education, for example, Lebanese restaurants and bakeries, the Arab Film Festival, SBS Arabic radio and television, Arabic bilingual schools
  • reflecting on choices they make when interacting with friends who speak both Arabic and English, identifying instances when they move between different languages or dialects for either practical or cultural reasons
  • interviewing relatives or community members about changes in the Arabic language and its use over time, such as the emergence and use of ‘Arabish’ or ‘Enlabic’ in younger generations, for example, adding ‘-ing’ to Arabic words or adding ‘s’ to plurals in Arabic معي كل الكتبز، كنت ألعبنغ مع فادي

Years 9-10 Syllabus

Years 9-10 Band Level Description

In Years 9 and 10, Arabic language learning builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences. Students use Arabic language to initiate and sustain interactions that communicate their own and others’ experiences of the world. They listen, speak, read, view and write to communicate with speakers of Arabic locally and globally through authentic community and online events. Background-language learners and second-language learners may support each other in their literacy development. Background-language learners may raise awareness of, and facilitate class involvement in, local community events. Students access and create spoken, written and multimodal texts, increasingly of their own choosing. They continue to receive guidance, feedback and support from peers and teachers.

Students access an increasing range of authentic and purpose-developed resources which may include traditional and contemporary literature, textbooks, audio and video clips, feature articles, television programs and social media. Background-language learners may source resources from their local and global communities to share with peers. Students expand their knowledge and control of Arabic pronunciation, intonation, structures and features. They acknowledge that language and culture shape identity and that these influences can shape their own behaviours, beliefs and values.

Years 9-10 Achievement Standard

By the end of Year 10, students contribute to and extend interactions in Arabic language in increasingly unfamiliar contexts related to a wide range of interests and issues. They interpret texts by evaluating and synthesising information, ideas and perspectives. They show understanding of how features of language can be used to influence audience response. They create texts, selecting and manipulating language for a range of contexts, purposes and audiences. They apply and use complex sentences and structures to create and respond to spoken and written texts. They use a variety of tenses to sequence events and use language features to enhance meaning and cohesion.

Students incorporate the features and conventions of spoken Arabic to extend fluency. They demonstrate understanding of the conventions of spoken and written texts and the connections between them. They apply knowledge of language structures and features to make and predict meaning. They support analysis of Arabic texts, using metalanguage. They reflect on their own cultural perspectives and identity, and draw on their experience of learning Arabic, to evaluate how this learning influences their ideas and ways of communicating.

Years 9-10 Content Descriptions

Interacting in Arabic

initiate, sustain and extend exchanges in familiar and unfamiliar contexts related to students’ own and others’ experiences of the world, adjusting their language in response to others

AC9LA10C01

  • using strategies to initiate and sustain interactions in familiar and unfamiliar, real and hypothetical contexts such as asking for and providing specific information, elaborating on ideas and moving between topics, for example, ماذا تعني بهذا؟، قلت بأنك تحب السفر، إلى أين تريد أن تسافر؟، ما معنى...؟

  • providing suggestions and giving advice in response to enquiries and questions, for example, بما انك تحب الرياضة أنصحك بالسّباحة لأنّها مفيدة جداً؛ لماذا لا تقرأ هذا الكتاب؟ جرّب هذا القلم الجديد. ضع الصورة هنا؛ هذا مكان مناسب لها

  • interacting in role-plays or spontaneous skits about travelling, for example, in a lost property office, asking for directions, asking for recommendations, complaining about service, for example, من فضلك، أين مكتب المفقودات؟ أين تقع مكتبة الحي؟ أنا غير راض عن خدمة العملاء في شركتكم.

  • sharing ideas and making suggestions relating to own and others’ experiences and aspirations, for example, أنا   أيضاً مثلك أحب السّباحة، أمي أيضاً لا تسمح لي بالّلعب على الحاسوب أيام الأسبوع، إن أردت سأرسل لك رسالة إلكترونية فيها كل المعلومات، أتمنّى أن ألتحق بفريق التّنس، أتمنّى أن أتعلّم الموسيقى

  • participating in discussions or debates about social issues such as youth employment, responsible use of technology, social media and climate change, using reasoning and justification, for example, لا يستطيع الشّباب العمل بدوام جزئي لأنّ واجبات المدرسة كثيرة،  التّدخين مضر بالصّحة فهو يسبّب الكثير من الأمراض الخطيرة،  يزداد الفقر في المجتمع ويجب على الجميع أن يحاربه

  • expressing and justifying own opinion in class discussions and debates, for example, أتفق معك جداً،  أوافقك الرأي،  أنا أحترم رأيك كثيراًلا أتفق معك ، لا أوافقك الرأي

  • eliciting responses and reacting to others’ opinions and ideas, for example, ما رأيك في هذه الجملة؟ هل تتفق معي؟ هل توافقني على كلامي؟ وأنت يا سعيد،  ماذا تعتقد؟ سميرة ما رأيك في الموضوع؟كلامك صحيح مئة بالمئة، أنت على حقٍ في رأيك هذا صحيح.أعتقد أنّ كلامك ليس صحيحاً،  أنت لست دقيقاً في كلامك، مع إحترامي لشخصك، أرى أنّ كلامك ليس منطقيّاً. آسفة رأيك غير مقنع

  • praising, complimenting and encouraging peers when discussing and sharing ideas, for example, ممتاز! رائع! فكرة هائلة! واصل مجهودك. هذه فكرة عبقريّة! أنت ذكيّ جداً! فكرتك مذهلة

  • having a spoken or written conversation with their ‘future or past self’ and sharing their thoughts and opinions about being multilingual and how it has enriched or benefitted their life or impacted their identity
  • initiating secure online discussions with Arabic-speaking peers, using descriptive and expressive language to describe significant events, special occasions or milestones in their lives, for example, كانت مناسبة مذهلة، كان حدثاً رائعاً، يا ليتك كنت معي يا صديقي لقد كانت لعبة حماسية ومثيرة لم أشهد مثلها من قبل، لن أنسى المشهد الذي رأيته

contribute to discussions that involve diverse views to negotiate outcomes, address issues and compare experiences

AC9LA10C02

  • engaging in social transactions with peers and teachers such as presenting gifts, accepting and declining invitations, making excuses and apologising, using appropriate protocols such as forms of politeness and respect, for example, أتشرف بقبول دعوتك، أشكرك على دعوتك، يسعدني ذلك ولكنني أعتذر عن الحضور لظروف خاصة مع فائق شكري وتقديري، كُلي أسف لن أستطيع الحضور لانشغالي … تحياتي وأشواقي الحارة، يُسعدني ذلك

  • creating a digital design such as an ideal home or leisure centre, and negotiating with peers in relation to different elements, options and priorities, for example, أفضل غرفة عائلية واسعة، أفضل حديقة كبيرة مع مسبح للصغار والكبار، أفضل غرفة للألعاب الإلكترونية في الطابق السفلي، كانت مناسبة مذهلة، كان حدثاً رائعاً، يا ليتك كنت معي يا صديقي لقد كانت لعبة حماسية ومثيرة لم أشهد مثلها من قبل

  • planning a real or online event, trip or excursion to an Arabic-speaking community, and persuading others to become involved and contribute in different ways, for example, an Arabic music or cultural day لا أتفق معكم على الذهاب إلى السينما في المساء، ماذا لو نذهب في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع؟ في المساء تكون السينما مزدحمة أما أثناء النهار فتكون هادئة، سأتصل بك في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع، هذا أفضل من أيام الأسبوع،

  • encouraging others to express their opinions or think seriously about a particular issue of interest, using texts such as secure blogs and language expressions such as هيا بنا نقدم رسالة اعتراض، أيعقل هذا! إنه اللامعقول بعينه!

  • reflecting on issues, suggesting alternative solutions and making decisions, using levels of formality and respect appropriate to audience and purpose, for example, أعتقد أنه من الأفضل القيام بذلك  قمت بعمل جيد لكن من الأفضل أن ...

  • participating in simulated job interviews, alternatively taking on the role of prospective employer and job applicant, for example, تحدث عن خبرتك في التجارة، لماذا تريد أن تعمل في هذه الشركة؟

  • discussing and devising a plan and solution for common problems or issues that young people may face such as managing study and part-time work commitments in a pros and cons list, for example, يجب أن تعطي أولوية لدراستك بدلاَ من العمل بدوام جزئي

  • expressing responses to a peer’s experience of an event such as a concert, party, camp, exam, job interview, using evaluative and expressive language to convey reactions such as excitement, appreciation or boredom, for example, لا أستطيع الإنتظار، أنا متحمس جدّاَ لقضاء أجمل الأوقات، أشعر بالملل الشديد!

Mediating meaning in and between languages

evaluate and synthesise information, ideas and perspectives in a broad range of spoken, written and multimodal texts and respond appropriately to cultural context, purpose and audience

AC9LA10C03

  • analysing information from texts such as articles, reports, charts, diagrams and news items, to discuss topics such as technology, world sports, and youth culture, for example, السخرية من وضع معين؛ التنديد بفعل معين؛ تزكية فكرة ما من خلال العبارات اللغوية والصور والتنسيق العام للتقرير

  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports in print and digital form, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias by evaluating textual purpose, for example, التحيّز لفكر ما والمبالغة: إن جميع الشباب متهوّر، هذا جيل غير مسؤولالحياديّة تجاه الأفكار المؤيدة والمعارضة:  هناك بعض الشباب المتهور ، إن غالبية الشّباب غير مسؤول

  • obtaining information in order to debate issues of interest such as the environment, technology, expectations of teenagers or the generation gap, using persuasive or evaluative language

  • listening to or reading First Nations Australian authors’ stories in English, and creating an author profile in Arabic
  • comparing different perspectives about an environmental issue, for example, a tourist company/profit perspective versus an environmental protection perspective, and incorporating information from both perspectives into a multimodal text to raise awareness about the issue, for example, من المهم أن نحافظ على البيئة بدلا من  كسب   المال لكي يستطيع الجيل القادم التمتع بجمال الطبيعة في المستقبل

  • locating and researching information from reliable sources to inform decisions, by weighing up options and making an ‘advantages and disadvantages’ table about a range of topics, for example, the best time of year to visit an Arabic-speaking country or a country that may best suit them for student exchange
  • analysing the lyrics of contemporary Arabic songs, identifying themes, language devices, messages and cultural aspects expressed and incorporating elements into their own original songs أغنية كن صديقي (ماجدة الرومي)، اللغة العربية (الشاعر حافظ ابراهيم)، اغنية أعطني الناي وغني (فيروز)

  • discussing how texts such as short films or video clips portray social issues such as relationships, wealth and poverty and cultural change, or values such as honesty and equality
  • conducting face-to-face or online interviews with peers, family or community members to compare life stories and perspectives on topics such as migration to Australia, living ‘across’ cultures or relationships with technology, and presenting findings in a newsletter article or community newspaper
  • adapting and changing texts to suit different contexts, purposes and audiences such as changing a formal speech to an informal message to a friend, for example, حضرة الطلاب، اجلبوا قبعاتكم  ، لانّ غداً لديكم رياضةمرحبا رامي، لا تنسى أن تجلب معك القبعة غداً والّا ستقع في مشكلة كبيرة

interpret and translate non-verbal, spoken and written interactions and texts to convey meaning and intercultural understanding in familiar and unfamiliar contexts

AC9LA10C04

  • translating texts such as advertisements, social media posts and short videos from Arabic into English and vice versa, with the assistance of online translators, identifying cultural elements and reflecting on how they are encoded in common words and expressions, for example, هيا أسرعوا، لا تدعوا الفرصة تفوتكم، إنها رحلة العمر، أرسل لك أشواقي وقبلاتي من أستراليا

  • reflecting on the difficulty of achieving equivalence in translations of creative texts such as poems, songs and video clips, identifying and explaining words and phrases that require particular elaboration or explanation, for example, والله ولي التوفيق، رافقتك السلامة، على ما يرام

  • experimenting with interpreting and translating popular Arabic expressions, proverbs or idioms, and reflecting on the social and cultural values that may be embedded in them, for example, الجار قبل الدار، من جدّ وجد ومن زرع حصد، في التّأنّي السلامة وفي العجلة الندامة

  • evaluating existing translations of texts such as subtitles in short films, making comparisons with own translations and reflecting on why versions may vary
  • considering how to maintain the integrity of original texts when translating into Arabic or English, for example, explaining culture-specific concepts relating to Arabic-speaking communities, such as     السلامات والتحيات والسؤال عن الأهل والأقارب , or to the Australian context such as ‘the bush’ or ‘the outback’, and representing original ideas and meanings bilingually
  • producing captions or commentaries for texts, explaining lifestyle and cultural practices in Australia for Arabic-speaking viewers, for example, bushwalking, barbeques, mateship, sporting events, Anzac Day commemorations الأعياد الوطنية، عيد المعلم، العيد الوطني الأسترالي ، عيد شهداء الأنزاك

  • producing digital and online texts in both Arabic and English, such as brochures and leaflets, for different contexts, purposes and audiences such as Arabic-speaking students studying in Australia, Arabic-speaking tourists, or Australian schools hosting Arabic-speaking visitors, and reflecting on the process of working in both languages
  • identifying moments of embarrassment or communication breakdown in own intercultural interactions, exploring reasons for these and suggesting adjustments that could be made to enhance mutual understanding, for example, explaining to a non-Arabic speaker that exposing the sole of your foot to a person’s face would be considered extremely bad manners and interpreted as an insult
Creating text in Arabic

create and present informative and imaginative texts for diverse contexts and purposes, selecting vocabulary, expressions, grammatical structures and a range of features and conventions to engage different audiences

AC9LA10C05

  • handwriting Arabic script and representing script digitally in texts, for example, using an Arabic keyboard and developing transliteration strategies
  • using a range of literary devices such as simile, metaphor and onomatopoeia to enhance texts, express ideas, convey meaning and highlight important themes, for example, كالأسد شجاع ، الدموع من شلال عيناها
  • evaluating and reporting on a contemporary social, ethical or environmental sustainability issue, using a range of text types and presenting information in formats such as a flow chart, slide presentation or video clip
  • writing a journal entry, or contributing to a school newsletter in Arabic reflecting on the impact of a visit to a significant cultural location on a First Nations Country/Place, and, with permission, referring to cultural knowledge of the site
  • creating digital clips or social media posts designed to persuade, dissuade, inform or inspire
  • creating imaginative texts in print, digital or online formats, such as short stories, video clips or plays, and building characters, themes and settings to entertain a specific audience, such as younger learners of Arabic
  • composing and presenting imaginative poems and songs that relate to significant celebrations or events in both the Arabic-speaking world and Australia, for example, الأمهات أو الآباء لعيد شعر
  • creating bilingual material to share with the local Arabic-speaking community, regarding features of the local environment such as the ecosystem, flora and fauna, and information about recycling programs, community groups and activities, for example, الظهر بعد خميس نهار كل تلتقي العربية الجمعية لجنة ان

  • creating captions or commentaries in Arabic and English to accompany texts such as song lyrics, video clips, film extracts or parts of a television program, and discussing the best ways of achieving consistency in meaning
  • collaborating with peers to create their own dramatic or humorous representations of people, situations or events encountered in their own lives that reflect their experiences of living in a multicultural and multilingual society
  • creating spoken, written and multimodal texts such as digital profiles, timelines or journals to showcase significant milestones, influential people, events or experiences that have helped shape their lives, for example, عندما كنت صغيراً ربحت جائزة أفضل تلميذ في اللغة العربيةتعلمت  اللغة العربية من جدي

Understanding systems of language

apply features and conventions of spoken Arabic to extend fluency in responding to and creating texts in familiar and unfamiliar contexts

AC9LA10U01

  • understanding that certain sounds in Arabic words can be dropped from pronunciation, such as the t sound in السماء صافية and tashkeel in الشمس مشرقة، البنت مريضة

  • recognising the need for a pause or change of tone in complex sentences with embedded clauses, for example, شاهدت الحادث الأليم عندما كنت مع صديقي عماد
  • reflecting on the role of pronunciation, rhythm, word stress and intonation in effective communication, and applying this knowledge to own interactions
  • using knowledge of Arabic pronunciation and spelling rules when engaging with authentic spoken and written texts
  • reciting challenging and unfamiliar language to develop pace, accuracy and fluency, for example, from poems and traditional literature
  • developing control of regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Arabic, such as the influence of accents and expression on pronunciation and spelling, for example, the use of the letter noon instead of tanween ِتابًا/ كِتابن or the use of haa instead of the taa marbouta َمَدرسة /ه مَدرس

  • listening to authentic texts such as public announcements, radio advertisements or recorded phone messages and recognising challenges associated with clarity and pace in audio texts
  • understanding how intonation and tone can convey emotions and modify meaning such as distinguishing between colloquial or formal language, for example, حقًا؟ يا إلهي! معقولة؟ تعال إلى هنا حالًا
  • experimenting with intonation and stress, improving coherence and increasing expressive range by reading out loud from unfamiliar texts, for example, newspapers, novels, reports

apply knowledge of grammatical structures to predict meaning and compose texts that contain some complex structures and ideas

AC9LA10U02

  • understanding that sentences can contain one or more verbs and can be joined with و or other cohesive devices such as connectives and conjunctions to sequence ideas, for example, أمَّا عن، بالإضافة إلى، بالرغم من في البداية أود أن أحدثكم عن يوم النّظافة العالمي، وبعد ذلك سأشرح لكم طرق المشاركة في هذا اليوم، ثمّ سأريكم بعض الصور وختاماً سآخذكم في جولة قصيرة حول الحديقة العامة

  • understanding that Arabic uses the dual form of nouns, verbs and adjectives, in both masculine and feminine forms, for example, أنتما تلعبان، هذان كتابان، الوردتان الجميلتان
  • understanding nouns and adjectives formed from verbs such as verbal nouns, for example, صنع/ مصنع، كسر/ مكسور، زار/ زيارة

  • understanding and applying the different types of adverbs, cognate adverbs المفعول المطلق and locative adverbs المفعول فيه for example, أدرس كثيراً قبل الامتحان، ضربت ضربة واحدة، عملت في المدرسة دهراً

  • manipulating interrogative verb forms to ask a range of questions, for example, قل لي لمَ لم تتّصل بي؟ أتصلت بك عدة مرات ولم ترد عليّ. أخبرني ماذا تريد أن تصبح في المستقبل؟ إشرح لي أسباب عدم قبولك دعوتي لحفل عيد ميلادي. ألسنا أصدقاء؟

  • understanding and applying indirect object pronouns and passive voice to express ideas objectively in texts such as articles and speeches, for example, مُنعَ الكتاب بسبب أفكاره الجريئة، خُصّصَ وقت بعد المدرسة لتعليم اللّغة العربية

  • negating a range of verbal sentences, for example, لم، لن، لا، ليس، مالا أحبُّ مُشاهدة الأفلام القديمة،لن أستمع إلى كلام أحد، ليس كل ما يتمناه المرء يدركه

  • using cardinal numbers from 13 onwards ثلاثة عشر طالباً، ثلاث عشرة طالبة، أربعة عشر بيتاً

  • using complex ordinal numbers to count hours, minutes and seconds, and half and quarter past the hour, for example, الساعَة حَوَالَيْ الثانِيَة وثَلاثونَ دَقيقَة، إنَّها الخامِسَة إلّا عِشر  دقائق

  • using إلاّ to express exceptions, for example, جميع أصدقائي يلعبون رياضة ما خلال الأسبوع إلّا أنا

  • using the conditional mood as a formulaic expression, for example, لو نجحت في الإمتحان هذا العام فسوف يشتري لي أبي لعبة إلكترونية جديدة

  • understanding and using the conjunction بينما to compare people or actions, and enhance expression, for example, رياضة السّباحة ممتعة ومفيدة خاصة هنا في أستراليا، بينما لعبة كرة القدم أكثر شعبيّة

  • using a range of comparative and superlative forms of adjectives to describe people and objects, for example, صديقتي هناء هي أجمل فتاة رأيتها في حياتي، هي أحنّ صديقة، واكثرواحدة تحب مساعدة الآخرين ،  إِنها أيضاَ موهوبة أكثر مِني في الرسم

  • using imperative verb tenses to persuade, encourage and advise others, for example, شاركوا في الردّ على الموقع الإلكتروني، لا تنسوا شاهدوا الفيلم الأسطوري، سيعجبكم جداً، هيّا تشددوا وحاولوا أن تكملوا البحث بجدارة ، إتّصلوا على الرقم المذكور في الإعلان

  • using subjunctive mood to express doubt, uncertainty, or emotion, for example, قد يكون كلامك صحيحاً ولكني لست متأكّداً منه، ربما تقبل أمي أن أذهب معك إلى الحفل لست متأكدة

  • using definite/indefinite articles and embedded clauses in a range of complex sentences, for example, سأختار كتابي القادم عن علم النفس، سأختار كتاب أخيأحب القراءة كثيراً بالرّغم من أن الكثير من الناس لا يحبون أن يقرأوا بل يفضلون مشاهدة التلفاز، لا أعرف لماذا أصدقائي والّذين أصولهم عربية، لا يحبون الأغاني العربيّة!

reflect on and evaluate Arabic texts, using metalanguage to analyse language structures and features

AC9LA10U03

  • analysing how language choices help achieve particular purposes and effects in particular types of Arabic and English texts, such as descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in personal, secure blogs, diary or journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements and speeches
  • discussing the use of diacritics in Arabic texts for decorative purposes in items such as book titles, letter heads and nameplates, and comparing with English text aesthetics such as fonts and cursive styles
  • examining a range of spoken and written Arabic and English texts, discussing similarities, differences and connections between context, purpose and audience, and what the texts reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, or concepts of respect and politeness
  • understanding and using metalanguage to discuss grammatical features of texts and to explain how word order, tenses and moods, adjectives and adverbs can be used to enhance meaning and expand expression
  • using prior knowledge of Arabic and English grammatical structures and language functions, and explaining these to others, to develop and learn further language, for example, noticing and remembering grammatical patterns
  • being the teacher or buddy and annotating peers’ draft work, offering suggestions such as sequencing of ideas, grammatical structures, paragraphs and layout
Understanding the interrelationship of language and culture

reflect on and evaluate how identity is shaped by language(s), culture(s), attitudes, beliefs and values and how these affect ways of communicating

AC9LA10U04

  • examining how the English language is influencing and modifying Arabic language use in particular settings, for example, in the entertainment industry – films and television programs, in online contexts, and in global contexts – language to express concepts such as الّليبر اليّة الدّيمقر اطيّة
  • recognising the importance of learning and maintaining Arabic and other languages to develop intercultural understanding and appreciate the values, beliefs and mindsets of others
  • recognising Modern Standard Arabic as the ‘lingua franca’ for people who speak Arabic, and that it allows for communication across cultural and international barriers within and beyond the Arab nations
  • reflecting on and explaining the protocols required to authentically co-create an Acknowledgement of Country/Place with a First Nations’ Australian, to present in Arabic to a group of Arabic-speaking visitors at a school assembly
  • analysing contemporary lifestyles and cultures in diverse Arabic-speaking countries and reflecting on similarities and differences from own lifestyle, practices and traditions
  • appreciating that many Arabic speakers may be multilingual, and use other colloquial language variations or dialects, and this may form part of their identity, values and beliefs, for example, Modern Standard Arabic, Masri and English
  • analysing their own bicultural and bilingual biographies to discover more about family heritage, migration and history and reflecting on how this can contribute to their identity and understanding the origin of family traditions and practices such as celebrating festivals or spiritual beliefs
  • discussing whether being bilingual or multilingual allows for a more flexible sense of identity in ways that involve culture as well as language
  • understanding and discussing the importance and influence of the Arabic language in the world, for example, as the language of Islam and sacred scripture, to showcase global networks and citizenship, in business and trade, and as an official language of the United Nations
  • researching and classifying terms associated with customs, traditions, practices and values that have cultural significance or history and whose profound meanings are difficult to convey in other languages, for example, طهوراَ، عشق، أم، رحمة، صديق

  • researching various cultural elements and customs in Arabic-speaking communities, such as family loyalty and obligations, roles, family structures and factors determining personal status, and commenting on how these may be different from their own, for example, الأبناء يعيشون مع الأباء ولا ينفصلون عنهم قبل الزواج، الأباء كبار السن يعيشون مع الأبناء

  • using a reflective journal to record and compare when they consciously choose to use one language rather than the other, considering whether their ways of thinking and communicating change between languages and why, for example, being mindful of different perspectives and traditions
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